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Chief executive is a term used for a head of government (e.g., presidential, prime ministerial, or gubernatorial powers) given by a constitution or basic law, which allows its holder to perform various functions that may include implementing policy, supervising the executive branch of government, preparing an executive budget for submission to ...
In the United States, a governor serves as the chief executive and commander-in-chief in each of the fifty states and in the five permanently inhabited territories, functioning as head of state and head of government therein.
State And StatuteMinimum AgeResidencyU.s. CitizenshipAlabama: Article V, Section 116 [17]30For at least seven years by the date of ...For at least ten years by the date of the ...30At least seven years prior to filingAt least seven years prior to filingArizona: Article V, Section 2: [19]25Five years by election dayFive years by election dayArkansas: Article 6, Section 11 [20]30By at least seven years on election dayYes- Ancient Empires
- Turkish Rule
- British Empire and Commonwealth Realms
- Other Colonial Empires
- Russia and Former Soviet Union
- Other European Countries and Empires
- Other Modern Asian Countries
- Other Modern Countries in North America
- Other Modern Countries in South America
- Modern Equivalents
Pre-Roman empires
Though the legal and administrative framework of provinces, each administered by a governor, was created by the Romans, the term governor has been a convenient term for historians to describe similar systems in antiquity. Indeed, many regions of the pre-Roman antiquity were ultimately replaced by Roman 'standardized' provincial governments after their conquest by Rome. Plato used the metaphor of turning the Ship of State with a rudder; the Latin word for rudder is gubernaculum.
Egypt
1. In Pharaonic times, the governors of each of the various provinces in the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt (called "nomes"by the Greeks, and whose names often alluded to local patterns of religious worship) are usually known by the Greek word.
Pre- and Hellenistic satraps
1. Media and Achaemenid Persiaintroduced the satrapy, probably inspired by the Assyrian / Babylonian examples 2. Alexander the Great and equally Hellenistic diadoch kingdoms, mainly Seleucids (greater Syria) and Lagids('Ptolemies' in Hellenistic Egypt) 3. in later Persia, again under Iranian dynasties: 3.1. Parthia 3.2. the Sassanid dynasty dispensed with the office after Shapur I (who had still 7 of them), replacing them with petty vassal rulers, known as shahdars
In the Ottoman Empire, all pashas (generals) administered a province of the Great Sultan's vast empire, with specific titles (such as Mutessaryf; Vali or Wāli which was often maintained and revived in the oriental successor states; Beilerbei (rendered as governor-general, as he is appointed above several provinces under individual governors) and De...
In the British Empire, a governor was originally an official appointed by the British monarch (or the cabinet) to oversee a crown colony and was the (sometimes notional) head of the colonial administration. The governors' powers varied from colony to colony, depending on its constitutional setup; while all colonies had a separate court system, the ...
European powers other than the United Kingdom, with colonies in Asia, Africa and elsewhere, gave their top representatives in their colonies the title of governor. Those representatives could be from chartered companies that ruled the colonies. In some of these colonies, there are still officials called governors. See: 1. Danish colonial empire 2. ...
In the Russian Empire, the governorate (guberniya) and governorate-general were the main units of territorial and administrative subdivision since the reforms of Peter the Great. These were governed by a governor and governor-general respectively. A special case was the Chinese Eastern Railway Zone, which was governed as a concession granted by Imp...
Austria
A Landeshauptmann (German for "state captain" or "state governor", literally 'country headman'; plural Landeshauptleute or Landeshauptmänner as in Styria till 1861; Landeshauptfrau is the female form) is an official title in German for certain political offices equivalent to a governor. It has historical uses, both administrative and colonial, and is now used in federal Austria and in South Tyrol, a majority German-speaking province of Italy adjacent to Tyrol.
Benelux monarchies
1. In the Netherlands, the government-appointed heads of the provinces were known as Gouverneur from 1814 until 1850, when their title was changed to King's (or Queen's) Commissioner. In the southern province of Limburg, however, the commissioner is still informally called Governor. 2. In the Dutch crown's Caribbean Overseas territories (Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten), the style governor is still used, alongside the political head of government. 3. In Belgium, each of the ten provinces has...
France
During the Ancien Régime in France, the representative of the king in his provinces and cities was the gouverneur. Royal officers chosen from the highest nobility, provincial and city governors (oversight of provinces and cities was frequently combined) were predominantly military positions in charge of defense and policing. Provincial governors – also called "lieutenant generals" – also had the ability of convoking provincial parlements, provincial estates and municipal bodies. The title "go...
China
In the People's Republic of China, the title Governor (Chinese: 省长; pinyin: shěngzhǎng) refers to the highest ranking executive of a provincial government. The governor is usually placed second in the provincial power hierarchy, below the secretary of the provincial Chinese Communist Party (CCP) committee (省委书记), who serves as the highest ranking party official in the province. Governors are elected by the provincial congresses and approved by the provincial party chief.All governors are not...
India
In India, each state has a ceremonial governor appointed by the president of India. These governors are different from the governors who controlled the British-controlled portions of the Indian Empire (as opposed to the princely states) prior to 1947. A governor is the head of a state in India. Generally, a governor is appointed for each state, but after the 7th Constitutional Amendment, 1956, one governor can be appointed for more than one state.
Indonesia
In Indonesia, the title gubernur refers to the highest ranking executive of a provincialgovernment. The governor and the vice governor are elected by a direct vote from the people as a couple, so the governor is responsible to the provincial residents. The governor has a term of five years to work in office and can be re-elected for another single period. In case of death, disability, or resignation, the vice governor would stand in as acting governor for some time before being inaugurated as...
United States
In the United States, the title "Governor" refers to the head of each state or insular territory. Governors retain sovereign power over executive and judiciary, are subordinate to the president of the United States and laws provided by the enumerated powers section of the federal constitution, and serve as the political and ceremonial head of the state. Nearly three-fourths of the states (36) hold gubernatorial elections in the same years as midterm elections (two years off set from president...
Mexico
In Mexico, governor refers to the elected leader of each of the nation's thirty one Free and Sovereign States with the official Spanish title being Gobernador. Mexican governors are directly elected by the citizens of each state for a six-year term and cannot be re-elected.
Many of the South American republics (such as Chile and Argentina) have provinces or states run by elected governors, with offices similar in nature to U.S. state governors.
As a generic term, governor is used for various 'equivalent' politicianwho are the head of a state or province, rendering other official titles such as: 1. Minister This also applies to non-western or antique culture
For state by state information on the power of Governors to issue executive orders, see “Gubernatorial Executive Orders: Authorization, Provisions, Procedures” (Table 4.5, The Book of the States 2021, source: The Council of State Governments).
In the United States, the title governor refers to the chief executive of each state. The governor is not directly subordinate to the federal authorities but is the political and ceremonial head of the state. The governor may also assume additional roles, such as the commander-in-chief of the National Guard when the role is not federalized.
In the United States, a governor is the chief executive officer and commander-in-chief in each of the fifty states and in the five permanently territories. Governors are responsible for passing state laws and the operation of the state executive branch .
Chapter Outline: Introduction to State Executives. Fundamentals of the Executive Branch. The Constancy of Change. Governors: Central Figures in the States. The State Bureaucracy. The Separation of Powers: Placing the Executive Branch in the American System. The Problem of Gubernatorial Power: A Historical Overview. Post-Revolutionary War Period.
