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Alexander Jagiellon
- Alexander Jagiellon (Polish: Aleksander Jagiellończyk, Lithuanian: Aleksandras Jogailaitis; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jagiellon.
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The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, [5] succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, [6] when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania.
- Kingdom of Lithuania
There was an attempt by Grand Duke Vytautas the Great (ruled...
- List of Lithuanian monarchs
The title of the Grand Duke of Lithuania mostly came into...
- Władysław II Jagiełło
Władysław II Jagiełło. Jogaila (Lithuanian: [jɔˈɡâːɪɫɐ] ⓘ;...
- Kingdom of Lithuania
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When did the Grand Duchy of Lithuania become a state?
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The title of the Grand Duke of Lithuania mostly came into force during the reign of Grand Duke Vytautas the Great, who concluded the Ostrów Agreement with his cousin Jogaila in 1392 and the agreement was confirmed in the Pact of Vilnius and Radom in 1401.
- Early Life
- Ruler of Lithuania and Poland
- King of Poland
- Legacy
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Lithuania
Little is known of Jogaila's early life, and even his year of birth is uncertain. Previously historians assumed he was born in 1352, but some recent research suggests a later date—about 1362. He was a descendant of the Gediminid dynasty and was the son of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife, Uliana of Tver, who was the daughter of the Yaroslavichi prince Alexander of Tver. His name had a meaning of more courageous and superior than others, he spent most of his early time in...
Baptism and marriage
Jogaila's Russian mother Uliana of Tver urged him to marry Sofia, daughter of Prince Dmitri of Moscow, who required him first to convert to Orthodoxy.[nb 4] That option, however, was unlikely to halt the crusades against Lithuania by the Teutonic Knights, who regarded Orthodox Christians as schismatics and little better than heathens. Jogaila chose therefore to accept a Polish proposal to become a Catholic and marry the eleven-year-old Queen Jadwiga of Poland.[nb 5] The nobles of Lesser Polan...
Accession
Władysław II Jagiello and Jadwiga reigned as co-monarchs; and though Jadwiga probably had little real power, she took an active part in Poland's political and cultural life. In 1387, she led two successful military expeditions to Red Ruthenia, recovered lands her father, Louis I of Hungary, had transferred from Poland to Hungary, and secured the homage of Voivode Petru I of Moldavia.In 1390, she also personally opened negotiations with the Teutonic Order. Most political responsibilities, howe...
Challenges
Jagiello's baptism failed to end the crusade of the Teutonic Knights, who claimed his conversion was a sham, perhaps even a heresy, and renewed their incursions on the pretext that pagans remained in Lithuania. From then on, however, the Order found it harder to sustain the cause of a crusade and faced the growing threat to its existence posed by the Kingdom of Poland and a genuinely Christian Lithuania alliance. Władysław sponsored the creation of the diocese of Vilnius under bishop Andrzej...
Early actions
On 22 June 1399, Jadwiga gave birth to a daughter, baptised Elizabeth Bonifacia, but within a month the mother and daughter died, leaving Władysław sole ruler of the Kingdom of Poland and without an heir nor much legitimacy to rule the kingdom. Jadwiga's death undermined Władysław's right to the throne, and as a result old conflicts between the nobility of Lesser Poland, generally sympathetic to Władysław, and the gentry of Greater Poland began to surface. In 1402, Władysław answered the rumb...
Against the Teutonic Order
The war ended in the Treaty of Raciąż on 22 May 1404. Władysław acceded to the formal cession of Samogitia and agreed to support the Order's designs on Pskov; in return, Konrad von Jungingen undertook to sell Poland the disputed Dobrzyń Land and the town of Złotoryja, once pawned to the Order by Władysław Opolski, and to support Vytautas in a revived attempt on Novgorod. Both sides had practical reasons for signing the treaty at that point: the Order needed time to fortify its newly acquired...
Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic war
In December 1408, Władysław and Vytautas held strategic talks in Navahrudak Castle, where they decided to foment a Samogitian uprising against Teutonic rule to draw German forces away from Pomerelia. Władysław promised to repay Vytautas for his support by restoring Samogitia to Lithuania in any future peace treaty. The uprising, which began in May 1409, at first provoked little reaction from the Knights, who had not yet consolidated their rule in Samogitia by building castles; but by June the...
Władysław is depicted on the obverse of the modernized 100 Polish złotybanknote. The Jagiełło Oak, an ancient tree in Białowieża Forest, is named in honour of the fact that he initiated the tradition of royal hunting in the area. In 2021, asteroid 2004 TP17 was officially named as Jogaila (the Lithuanian languagevariant of his name).
Władysław II Jagiełło by Jan MatejkoWładysław Jagiełło as depicted in Ksawery Pillati's Portraits of Polish Princes and Kings,1888A 17th-century depiction of Władysław II Jagiełło and Jadwiga of Poland by the cross by Tommaso DolabellaNaming citation for Jovian asteroid 202093 JogailaSearches related to Grand Duke of Lithuania wikipedia
Casimir IV (born November 30, 1427—died June 7, 1492) was the grand duke of Lithuania (1440–92) and king of Poland (1447–92), who, by patient but tenacious policy, sought to preserve the political union between Poland and Lithuania and to recover the lost lands of old Poland.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 12th [1] –13th century until 1569. In 1569 it became a part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1791. It was started by the Lithuanians .
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, [5] succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, [6] when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania.
Apr 1, 2024 · Help. Category:Grand Dukes of Lithuania. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Subcategories. This category has the following 35 subcategories, out of 35 total. * Grand Dukes of Lithuania on coins (10 C, 1 F) 1. Monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (11 C) Alexander of Poland (8 C, 23 F)
