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- Although she received honorary doctorates later in her career, Calkins went through her career, technically, with no Ph.D.
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Despite her record of achievements, Calkins is best known today for something she never received--a doctoral degree from Harvard University. The story has become a legend in academic psychology circles.
SMART NEWS. This ‘Brilliant’ Pioneering Psychologist Never Got a Ph.D….Technically. Despite “the most brilliant examination” Harvard had ever seen, the school didn’t grant degrees to women at...
Calkins achieved a doctoral degree from Harvard University which she was never awarded based on the gender limitations during this time period. As late as 2015, scholars were still petitioning for the posthumous awarding of Calkins’s doctoral degree with unsuccessful effort. Historical Impact.
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Mary Whiton Calkins started her career as a Greek instructor at Wellesley College, but with an undergraduate background in philosophy. When approached to join the philosophy department teaching the new field of psychologyshe accepted and furthered her studies in both fields. She established a psychology laboratory at Wellesley, the first psychology...
Mary Whiton Calkins is best remembered today for Harvard University's refusal to grant her a Ph.D. because she was a woman. She was offered a doctorate from Radcliffe College, but she turned it down. Efforts were made by a group of Harvard alumni in 1927, and a group of students at Kalamazoo College in Michiganin 2002, to have Harvard award her the...
Calkins, Mary Whiton. 1892. "Experimental Psychology at Wellesley College." American Journal of Psychology. 5, 464-271.Calkins, Mary Whiton. 1894. "Association." Psychological Review. 1, 476-483.Calkins, Mary Whiton. 1896. "Association." Psychological Review. 3, 32-49.Calkins, Mary Whiton. [1901] 2007. An Introduction to Psychology. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0548200912Furumoto, L. 1980. "Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)." Psychology of Women Quarterly. 5, 55-68.Heidbreder, E. 1972. "Mary Whiton Calkins: A discussion." In Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 8, 56-68.Kimble, G.A., M. Wertheimer, and C. White (eds.). 1991. Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. ISBN 0805811362Palmieri, P.A. 1983. "Here was fellowship: A social portrait of academic women at Wellesley College, 1895-1920." History of Education Quarterly. 23, 195-214.Mary Whiton Calkins was the 14th President of APA and the first woman to serve in that office. Although she earned her PhD at Harvard under William James, Calkins was refused the degree by the Harvard Corporation (who continues to refuse to grant the degree posthumously) on the grounds that Harvard did not accept women.
Calkins, Mary Whiton (1863–1930) American psychologist and philosopher who was the first woman president of both the American Psychological Association and the American Philosophical Association. Born Mary Whiton Calkins in Hartford, Connecticut, on March 30, 1863; died in Newton, Massachusetts, on February 26, 1930; daughter of Wolcott (a ...
Mary was born in Hartford, Connecticut on March 30, 1863 to Wolcott and Charlotte Calkins (Zusne, 1984). The oldest of five children, Mary was extremely close to her New England Puritan family, especially to her mother. As the Calkins1s greatly valued education, Mary attended the local elementary school and learned German in private lessons.
