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  1. Apr 13, 2021 · Abstract. The World Health Organization assigns international nonproprietary names (INN), also known as common names, to compounds upon request from drug developers. Structures of INNs are publicly available and represent a source, albeit underused, to understand trends in drug research and development.

    • Marta Serafini, Sarah Cargnin, Alberto Massarotti, Gian Cesare Tron, Tracey Pirali, Armando A Genazz...
    • 2021
  2. The International Nonproprietary Names (INN) system developed by the World Health Organization in 1950 was designed to provide “globally recognized” names, also known as “generic” or “nonproprietary” names, for drugs based on their pharmacology (World Health Organization, 1997). However, as pharmacologically derived names tend to be ...

    • Juliet P. Lee, Tamar M.J. Antin
    • 10.1177/009145091103800304
    • 2011
    • Fall 2012
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    • The First Author
    • The Middle Authors
    • The Last Author
    • Formatting Author Names
    • Conclusion

    The first author listed in a scientific paper is typically the person who has made the most substantial intellectual contribution to the work. This role is often filled by a junior researcher such as a Ph.D. student or postdoctoral fellow, who has been intimately involved in almost every aspect of the project. The first author usually plays a pivot...

    The middle authors listed on a scientific paper occupy an essential, albeit sometimes ambiguous, role in the research project. They are typically those who have made significant contributions to the project, but not to the extent of the first author. This group often includes a mix of junior and senior researchers who have provided key input, assis...

    In the listing of authors on a scientific paper, the final position carries a unique significance. It is typically occupied by the senior researcher, often the head of the laboratory or the principal investigator who has supervised the project. While they might not be involved in the day-to-day aspects of the work, they provide overarching guidance...

    When it comes to scientific publishing, details matter, and one such detail is the correct formatting of author names. While it may seem like a minor concern compared to the intellectual challenges of research, the proper formatting of author names is crucial for several reasons. It ensures correct attribution of work, facilitates accurate citation...

    The concept of authorship in scientific papers goes well beyond just listing the names of those involved in a research project. It carries critical implications for recognition, responsibility, and career progression, reflecting a complex nexus of contribution, collaboration, and intellectual leadership. Understanding the different roles, correctly...

    • David Costello
  4. Nov 18, 2021 · Gilman and Wright have conclusively emphasised that it is time for the scientific community to begin a novel stance in how we observe the prominence of preserving cultural names and embracing ...

    • Paul Rummy, Jessica Thevamalar Rummy
    • 2021
  5. Feb 4, 2014 · The relevant content for a names-based infrastructure is in nomenclators, registries, the scientific literature, checklists, classifications, taxonomic revisions and monographs, biodiversity databases and web sites, and in the compilations of aggregators. All lists include material from multiple sources. Each source uses names in a context.

    • David J Patterson, Willi Egloff, Donat Agosti, David Eades, Nico Franz, Gregor Hagedorn, Jonathan A ...
    • 2014
  6. Nonproprietary names are intended for use in pharmacopoeias, labeling, product information, advertising and other promotional material, drug regulation and scientific literature, and as a basis for product names,

  7. Aug 17, 2023 · Introduction . Scientific literature is the principal medium for communicating the results of scientific research and, as such, represents the permanent record of the collective achievements of the scientific community over time. This scientific knowledge base is composed of the individual "end products" of scientific research and discovery a

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