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Dans l’historiographie argentine, il est d’usage de désigner par République conservatrice (República Conservadora), Régime conservateur, Ordre conservateur (Orden Conservador) [1], République oligarchique (República Oligárquica) [2], [3], ou Régime oligarchique [4] la période de l’histoire de l'Argentine comprise entre les ...
- République constitutionnelle
- Buenos Aires
- Espagnol
- Espagnol
L'Argentine, en forme longue la République argentine (en espagnol : Argentina ⓘ et República Argentina / r e ˈ p u β l i k a a ɾ x e n ˈ t i n a / [9]), est un pays d’Amérique du Sud partageant ses frontières avec le Chili à l’ouest, la Bolivie et le Paraguay au nord, le Brésil et l’Uruguay au nord-est, et enfin l’océan Atlantique à l'est et au sud.
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- Background
- Power Vacuum
- Revolution and Freedom
- Sovereignty and Independence
- Anarchy
- First Presidential Attempt
- Execution of Dorrego
- The Federal Pact
- The Rosas Era
- The 1853 Constitution
The first political event that shaped the future country of Argentina was the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. So far, the territories in it were neglected provinces of the Viceroyalty of Peru: as the Río de la Plata Basin did not have any precious metals or organized indigenous populations to exploit, all ships traded with Peru ...
The 1808 Peninsular War was triggered by an event of huge political weight: the king of Spain, Ferdinand VII, was captured and imprisoned by the French armies of Napoleon. The Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdomclaimed sovereignty, and waged the war against the French. The viceroyalty was then divided in political factions with diffe...
May Revolution
The patriots in Buenos Aires finally took action against viceroy Cisneros when a ship from Europe informed that Seville had been conquered and the Junta disestablished, only Cádiz and the island of León were still standing, but their final defeat seemed imminent. Cisneros tried to conceal the news, but they spread anyway. He then proposed to prevent rushed actions, and suggested to establish a government body with the governors of other Spanish territories, such as Abascal or Nieto. Patriots...
Primera Junta
The Primera Junta was initially resisted by the Cabildo and the Royal Audiencia, still loyal to the absolutist factions, and by other provinces who did not accept its authority. The Royal Audiencia secretly swore allegiance to the Regency Council, a new Junta created in Spain; this was done in defiance to the Primera Junta, who did not accept its authority over the Americas. As a result, the members of the Audiencia were exiled to Spain, along with Cisneros, with the pretext that there was a...
Junta Grande
The Primera Junta, with the new members, was renamed to Junta Grande. It promoted the creation of local Juntas at the other cities, replacing their governors. The departure of Mariano Moreno did not stop the disputes between his followers and those who supported Saavedra. Moreno's supporters organized an uprising. The military groups loyal to Saavedra, however, knew about it and stop it beforehand, and then requested the removal of all of the members of the Junta who were supportes of Moreno....
Second triumvirate and Assembly of the Year XIII
Once in government, the second triumvirate called for the Assembly of Year XIII, a constituent body with deputies from the other provinces that would write a national constitution. The Assembly did not claim their sovereignty to be derived from the king, but from the people, in a strong movement towards popular sovereignty; the mentions to Ferdinand VII were removed from public documents as well. By that time, Ferdinand VII had returned to the throne of Spain, and began the absolutist restora...
Congress of Tucumán
The Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata replaced the role of the triumvirate. The first one was Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, the uncle of Carlos María de Alvear, replaced by Alvear himself some time afterwards. Facing an adverse context in the war of independence, Alvear considered turning the United Provinces into a British protectorate, which motivated a coup against him. The Assembly of the Year XIII was closed, but a new one was formed later, the Congress of Tu...
With the defeat of Buenos Aires in Cepeda, the country was left without a head of state. An open cabildo in Buenos Aires elected a new governor, Manuel de Sarratea, who negotiated the Treaty of Pilar with Ramírez and López. The treaty guaranteed national unity and a federalist system of government, the end of hostilities between the provinces, and ...
The Banda oriental, which had been annexed into the Kingdom of Brazil and renamed as Cisplatina, was liberated by the Thirty-Three Orientals, and proclaimed its adhesion to the United Provinces. The now Empire of Brazil did not recognize it, leading to the Cisplatine War. It was thought then in Buenos Aires that to wage the war the country should h...
With the office of president abolished, the provinces ruled themselves once more. Manuel Dorregowas appointed governor of Buenos Aires. In the lack of a proper head of state, the governor of Buenos Aires received some powers to fill that void, such as managing international relations or paying the foreign debt. Dorrego's rule was short-lived. When ...
José María Paz expanded his influence across the northern provinces, creating the Unitarian League. The provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos signed the Federal Pact in response, and quickly defeated the Unitarian League by capturing Paz. The Federal Pact was kept for national organization after the unitarian defeat. The provinces of C...
Rosas resigned as governor, and moved to the south. The later conflicts between Rosist and anti-Rosist federals led to the Revolution of the Restorers, which ousted Juan Ramón Balcarce and replaced him with the Rosist Juan José Viamonte. The weak governments of Balcarce and Viamonte led the legislature to request Rosas to take the government once m...
Urquiza united the provinces in the San Nicolás Agreement, seeking consensus for the new constitution. The Constituent Assembly met in Santa Fe and wrote the Argentine Constitution of 1853. The constitution established a representative, republican and federal government. The legislative power was bicameral, and the executive power was held by a pre...
Pendant toute cette période, dite République conservatrice, l’économie se développa fortement, déterminant une époque globalement de grande prospérité, où l’Argentine devint l’une des dix premières puissances mondiales, du point de vue du PNB, au début du XX e siècle.
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.Argentina covers an area of 2,780,400 km 2 (1,073,500 sq mi), making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world.
Cet article dresse la liste des chefs d'État argentins, qui portent aujourd'hui le titre de président de la Nation argentine (en espagnol : Presidente de la Nación Argentina), à la fois chef de l'État et du gouvernement de l'Argentine.
51.19% 109 Radical Civic Union 27.23% 44 National Democratic Party 7.64 3 Democratic Progressive Party 2.55 1 Blockist Radical Civic Union [es] 0.49 1 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Results by province President of the Chamber of Deputies after Ricardo Guardo UCR-JR [es] Politics of Argentina Executive President (List) Javier Milei Vice President Victoria ...
