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The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( SFRY ), commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or Socialist Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, breaking up as a consequence of the Yugoslav Wars. Spanning an area of 255,804 square ...
- Flag of Yugoslavia
Yugoslav flags at a ski jumping contest, 1962. The flag of...
- Economy of The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
- Socialist Republic of Montenegro
The Socialist Republic of Montenegro (Serbo-Croatian:...
- Yugoslav Dinar
The dinar (Cyrillic: динар) was the currency of...
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Niemcy; Republika Federalna Niemiec, RFN ( niem. Deutschland; Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD, [ ˈ b ʊ n d ə s ʁ e p u ˌ b l i ː k ˈ d ɔ ʏ t͡ʃ l a n t], wymowa ⓘ) – państwo federacyjne położone w zachodniej i środkowej Europie. Składa się z 16 krajów związkowych (landów), spośród których jeden to jego stolica i ...
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Croatia became part of the Yugoslav federation in 1943 after the Second Session of the AVNOJ and through the resolutions of the ZAVNOH, Croatia's wartime deliberative body. It was officially founded as the Federal State of Croatia (Croatian: Federalna Država Hrvatska, FD Hrvatska) on May 9, 1944, at the 3rd session of the ZAVNOH. Yugoslavia, then c...
World War II
In the first years of the war, the Yugoslav Partisans in Croatia did not have considerable support from Croats, with an exception of the Croats in the Croatian region of Dalmatia. The majority of partisans on the territory of Croatia were Croatian Serbs. However, in 1943 Croats started to join the partisans in larger numbers. In 1943, the number of Croat partisans in Croatia increased, so in 1944 they made up 61% of the partisans in the territory of Independent State of Croatia, while Serbs m...
Creation
On November 29, 1945, the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly held a session where it was decided that Croatia would be joined by five other republics in Yugoslavia: Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and Macedonia. Not long after, the Communist Party started to prosecute those who opposed the communist one-party system. On January 30, 1946, the Constituent Assembly ratified the Constitution of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. Croatia was the last of the republics to m...
Election
In post-war Yugoslavia, communists had a struggle for power with the opposition that supported King Peter. Milan Grol was the leader of the opposition; as the leading figure of the opposition he opposed the idea of a federal state, denied the right for Montenegrins and Macedonians to have their republics, and held that an agreement between Tito and Ivan Šubašić guaranteed that the opposition needed to have half of the ministers in the new government. The Croatian Peasant Party (HSS), part of...
The People's Republic of Croatia adopted its first Constitution in 1947. In 1953 followed "The Constitutional Law on the Basics of Social and Political Organization and on Republican Organs of Authority", actually a completely new constitution. The second (technically third) Constitution was adopted in 1963; it changed the name of the People's Repu...
Economic model and theory
The economy of the SFR Yugoslavia and thus of the Socialist Republic of Croatia was initially influenced by the Soviet Union. As the Communist Party of Yugoslavia was a member of the Communist International, Yugoslav communists thought that the Soviet way to socialism was the only option to create a socialist state. In the early years of the SFR Yugoslavia, Communist members suppressed critics towards the Soviet Union and harbored sympathies towards it. In the CPY, it was generally thought th...
Economy during the war
The first process of nationalization started on 24 November 1944, when Yugoslav Partisans dispossessed their enemies of their assets. The first victims of the confiscation were occupiers and war criminals. However, not long after, the assets of 199,541 Germans, the whole German minority, including 68,781 ha of land, were confiscated as well. Until the end of the war, the state controlled 55% of industry, 70% of mining, 90% of ferrous metallurgy and 100% of the oil industry.
Renewal of economy
In the SR Croatia, material damage and losses were high. In the war, the SR Croatia lost 298,000 people, 7.8% of its total population. Because of the 4-year partisan war, bombings, over-exploitation of raw materials and agricultural resources, and destruction of roads and industrial facilities, the state entered into economic chaos. The peasantry that supplied all the conflicted sides in the war was wasted and human losses were also high. The damage of industry in Yugoslavia was the worst in...
The majority of residents were Roman Catholics and approximately 12% of the population were Orthodox Christians of the Serbian Patriarchy, with a small number of other religions. Due to strained relationships between the Holy See and communist Yugoslav officials, no new Catholic bishops were appointed in the People's Republic of Croatia until 1960....
Tanner, Marcus (2001). Croatia : a nation forged in war (2nd ed.). New Haven; London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09125-7.Goldstein, Ivo (1999). Croatia: A History. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1-85065-525-1.Matković, Hrvoje (2003). Povijest Jugoslavije: (1918–1991–2003). Zagreb: Naklada P.I.P. Pavičić. ISBN 953-6308-46-0.Bilandžić, Dušan (1999). Hrvatska moderna povijest (in Croatian). Golden marketing. ISBN 953-6168-50-2.The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was the Yugoslav country that existed from 1943 to 1992. It was a socialist state. It was also a federation made up of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. Josip Broz Tito ruled Yugoslavia until 1980. He died at that time.
- Belgrade
Republika federalna, republika federacyjna – ustrój polityczny państwa złożonego, w którym poszczególne części składowe posiadają znaczny zakres swobody pod względem prawnym, gospodarczym, administracyjnym i innym, lecz bez prawa secesji. Organy władzy są wybierane przez ogół lub grupy obywateli w wyborach.
The Socialist Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: Socialistična republika Slovenija, Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Slovenija / Социјалистичка Република Словенија), commonly referred to as Socialist Slovenia or simply Slovenia, was one of the six federal republics forming Yugoslavia and the nation state of ...
The Socialist Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska), or SR Croatia, was a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It is the predecessor of modern-day Croatia .
