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The Mishnah or the Mishna ( / ˈmɪʃnə /; Hebrew: מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah שנה , or "to study and review", also "secondary") [1] is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah. It is also the first major work of rabbinic literature. [2]
In this way, the Mishnah is a document that describes a life of sanctification, in which the rituals of the Temple are adapted for communal participation in a world that has no Temple, which escapes the ups and downs of history. Disputes Between Rabbis. This idyllic world of the Mishnah, however, is not a world of uniformity; far from it.
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- It Is the Basis of the Oral Torah. The Torah, given by G‑d to the Jewish nation through Moses, is divided into two primary sections: the Written Torah and the Oral Torah.
- It Is the Product of 15 Centuries of Scholarship. Much of the Oral Torah was transmitted to Moses by G‑d Himself at Mt. Sinai. The rest is the handiwork of Torah scholars throughout the following three millennia (until today), empowered by G‑d to expound upon the Written Law using a precise set of guiding principles He dictated.
- It Ensured the Survival of Jewish Life. The reason the Oral Torah is known by this name is because originally, it was not meant to be committed to writing.
- It Was Compiled by Rabbi Yehuda “the Prince” This remarkable sage was Rabbi Yehuda the Prince, so called since he was the leader of the Jews at the time.
The term "mishnah" (Heb. מִשְׁנָה) is used in a number of different ways (see below), but when used as a proper noun ("the Mishnah") it designates the collection of rabbinic traditions redacted by Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi (usually called simply "Rabbi") at the beginning of the third century CE. The Mishnah supplements, complements, clarifies ...
The Mishnah. The Mishnah is the main text of the Talmud. A collection of terse teachings written in Hebrew, it was redacted by Rabbi Yehudah the Prince, in the years following the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The Talmud is divided into six general sections, called sedarim (“orders”), each of which is further divided into ...
The Mishnah is the first written record of what was the Oral Law. As the name implies, the Oral Law was never written down as a formalized text or permanent record. It had been passed on from one scholar to the next, from one generation to the next. In each generation there were experts in different areas of the Oral Law.
1. The heading "Introduction" is not found in any of the manuscript editions of the Mishneh Torah and appears to be a printer's addition. Note Hilchot Shechitah 1:4, where the Rambam refers to "...the Oral Law, which is called `the mitzvah,' as we explained in the beginning of this text."
