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Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library, the largest in the ancient world; and the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages.
- Alexandria (Disambiguation)
These are places named for, and sometimes founded by,...
- Great Library
The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was...
- Siege
Forces of the Rashidun Caliphate seized the major...
- History of Alexandria
Alexandria. Having been under Roman influence for more than...
- Saint Mark Cathedral
Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral is a Coptic church in...
- Pompey's Pillar
Pompey's Pillar in 1911. Pompey's Pillar (Arabic: عمود...
- Montaza Palace
Montaza Palace (Egyptian Arabic: قصر المنتزه) (Asr el...
- Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa
The catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa (Arabic: مقابر كوم الشقافة,...
- Hellenic Civilisation
The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena, located on the...
- Ninth-Largest City in Africa
Kinshasa, the largest city in the Democratic Republic of the...
- Alexandria (Disambiguation)
Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia. The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and ...
- Early Settlements in The Area
- Foundation
- Ptolemaic Era
- Roman Era
- Arab Rule
- Modern History
- Recent Discoveries
- References
- External Links
Just east of Alexandria in ancient times (where now is Abu Qir Bay) there was marshland and several islands. As early as the 7th century BC, there existed important port cities of Canopus and Heracleion. The latter was recently rediscovered under water. Part of Canopus is still on the shore above water, and had been studied by archaeologists the lo...
Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC (the exact date is disputed) as Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Aleksándreia). Alexander's chief architect for the project was Dinocrates. Ancient accounts are extremely numerous and varied, and much influenced by subsequent developments. One of the more sober descriptions, given by the historian Arrian, tells h...
Inheriting the trade of ruined Tyre and becoming the center of the new commerce between Europe and the Arabian and Indian East, the city grew in less than a generation to be larger than Carthage. In a century, Alexandria had become the largest city in the world, and for some centuries more, was second only to Rome. It became the main Greek city of ...
Roman annexation
Having been under Roman influence for more than a hundred years, the city was placed formally within Roman jurisdiction by the will of Ptolemy Alexander in 80 BC. Julius Caesar dallied with Cleopatra in Alexandria in 47 BC and was besieged in the city by Cleopatra's brother and rival. His example was followed by Mark Antony, for whose favor the city paid dearly to Octavian. Following Antony's defeat at the Battle of Actium, Octavian took Egypt as personal property of the emperor, appointing a...
Late Roman and Byzantine period
Even as its main historical importance had sprung from pagan learning, Alexandria now acquired new importance as a center of Christian theology and church government. There, Arianism came to prominence, and there also Athanasius opposed Arianism and the pagan reaction against Christianity, experiencing success against both and continuing the Patriarch of Alexandria's major influence on Christianity into the next two centuries. Persecution of Christians under Diocletian (beginning in AD 284) m...
In 619, the city was taken by Khosrau II, King of Persia. Although the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius recovered it a few years later, in 641 the Arabs, under the general Amr ibn al-As during the Muslim conquest of Egypt, captured it decisively after a siege that lasted fourteen months. The city received no aid from Constantinople during that time; Her...
Napoleonic invasion
Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1798. French troops stormed the city on July 2, 1798 and it remained in their hands until the British victory at the Battle of Alexandria on March 21, 1801, following which the British besieged the city which fell to themon 2 September 1801. Two French savants assessing the population of Alexandria in 1798 estimated 8,000 and 15,000.
Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali, the Ottoman Governor of Egypt, began rebuilding the city around 1810, and by 1850, Alexandria had returned to something akin to its former glory.
British occupation
In July 1882 the city was the site of the first battle of the Anglo-Egyptian War, when it was bombarded and occupied by the Royal Navy. Large sections of the city were damaged in the battle, or destroyed in subsequent fires.
In July 2018, archaeologists led by Zeinab Hashish announced the discovery of a 2,000-year-old 30-ton black granite sarcophagus. It contained three damaged skeletons in red-brown sewage water. According to archaeologist Mostafa Waziri, the skeletons looked like a family burial with a middle-aged woman and two men. Researchers also revealed a small ...
Bibliography
1. Haas, Christopher (1997). Alexandria in Late Antiquity: Topography and Social Conflict. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801853777 2. Harris, W.V. & Giovanni Ruffini, eds. (2004). Ancient Alexandria Between Egypt and Greece. Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition, Vol. XXVI. Leiden & Boston: Brill. ISBN 90 04 14105 7. 3. Jacob, Christian, & François de Polignac, eds. (1992/2000). Alexandria, third century BC: The knowledge of the world in a single city. Translated by Colin Cle...
Centre d'Études Alexandrines – established by Jean-Yves Empereur– site (in French) has useful articles and files
Alexandria is a city in Virginia in the United States. It has a population of 159,200 in 2020. [1] It is 6 miles south of Washington, D.C. It is by the Potomac River. The temperature is between 80°F to 100°F in the summer, and 20°F to 40°F in the winter. [2] The city is twinned with Caen in France, Dundee in Scotland and Gyumri in Armenia.
Alexandria is an independent city in the northern region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approx...
Alexandria, with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt after Cairo. It is the country's largest seaport, serving in excess of 50 percent of all of Egypt's imports and exports.
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Alexandria is a city in Virginia, just outside of Washington, D.C., in the United States of America. Understand. [edit] First surveyed in 1749, Alexandria claims some of the richest history in the D.C. metropolitan area.
