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Itanium (/ aɪ ˈ t eɪ n i ə m /; eye-TAY-nee-əm) is a discontinued family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64). The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel.
- IA-64
IA-64 (Intel Itanium architecture) is the instruction set...
- List of Intel Itanium processors
References. List of Intel Itanium processors. The Itanium...
- IA-64
- Market Reception
- History
- Market Share
- Hardware Support
- Software Support
- Competition
- Supercomputers and High-Performance Computing
- Processors
- Other Websites
Powerful-type server market
When first released in 2001, Itanium's speed was disappointing compared to other processor types. Using existing x86 applications and operating systems was especially bad, with one test in 2001 showing that it was as fast as a 100 MHz Pentium (1.1 GHz Pentiums were on the market at that time). Itanium did not have success compared to IA-32 or RISC, and was even worse when x86-64was released, which worked with older x86 applications. In an article from 2009 about the history of Itanium — "How...
Other markets
Although Itanium did do well with high-end computing, Intel wanted it to have more usage compared to the original x86architecture. AMD decided on an easier idea, creating x86-64, a 64-bit addition to the x86 architecture, which Microsoft soon supported in Microsoft Windows, so Intel had to include the same type of 64-bit addition in Intel's x86 processors. x86-64 can use existing 32-bit applications at full hardware speed, but has 64-bit memory addressing and other additions to new applicatio...
Development: 1989–2000
In 1989, HP thought Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architectures were stuck at one instruction per cycle. HP researchers tried to create a new type of processor architecture, later called Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC), that allows the processor to use many instructions in each clock cycle. EPIC uses a form of very long instruction word architecture, in which 1 instruction word had many instructions. With EPIC, the compiler checks which instructions can be used at...
Itanium (Merced): 2001
By the time Itanium was released in June 2001, its performance was not superior to competing RISC and CISC processors. Itanium competed with low-power systems (primarily 4-CPU and small systems) with servers based on x86 processors, and with high-power such as with IBM's POWER architecture and Sun Microsystems' SPARC architecture. Intel shifted Itanium to working with the high-power business and HPC computing, trying to copy x86's successful market (i.e., 1 architecture, many system vendors)....
Itanium 2: 2002–2010
The Itanium 2 processor was released in 2002, for enterprise servers and not all of high-power computing. The 1st version of Itanium 2, code-named McKinley, was created by HP and Intel. It fixed many of the problems of the 1st Itanium processor, which were mostly caused by a bad memory subsystem. McKinley had 221 million transistors (25 million of them were for logic), and was 19.5 mm by 21.6 mm (421 mm2) and was created with a 180 nm design process, and a CMOS process with 6 layers of alumin...
In comparison with its Xeonserver processors, Itanium has never been a large product for Intel. Intel does not release production numbers. One industry analyst estimated that the production rate was 200,000 processors per year in 2007. According to Gartner, in 2008, HP had 95% of Itanium sales. HP's Itanium system sales were at $4.4 Billion at the ...
Systems
As of 2015[update], only a few providers have Itanium systems, such as HP, Bull, NEC, Inspur and Huawei. Intel offers a chassis that can be used by system integrators to build Itanium systems. HP sold 7,200 systems in the first quarter of 2006. Most Itanium systems sold are enterprise servers and machines for large-scale technical computing, with each system costing about US $200,000. A typical system uses eight or more Itanium processors.
Chipsets
The Itanium bus communicates with the rest of the system. Enterprise server makers differentiate their systems by making their own chipsets that interface the processor to memory, interconnections, and peripheral controllers. The chipset is the heart of the system-level architecture for each system design. Creation of a chipset costs tens of millions of dollars and represents a major commitment to the use of the Itanium. IBM created a chipset in 2003, and Intel in 2002, but neither of them de...
Itanium is or was supported (i.e. Windows version can no longer be bought) by the following operating systems: 1. Windows family 1.1. Windows XP 64-Bit Edition(Unsupported; first Windows edition to support) 1.2. Windows Server 2003(Unsupported) 1.3. Windows Server 2008 (Extended support until January 14, 2020. Extended support will only receive bug...
Itanium is aimed at the enterprise server and high-performance computing (HPC) markets. Other enterprise- and HPC-focused processor lines include Oracle Corporation's SPARC M7, Fujitsu's SPARC64 X+ and IBM's POWER8. Measured by quantity sold, Itanium's most serious competition comes from x86-64 processors including Intel's own Xeon line and AMD's O...
An Itanium-based computer first appeared on the list of the TOP500 supercomputers in November 2001. The best position ever achieved by an Itanium 2 based system in the list was #2, achieved in June 2004, when Thunder entered the list with an Rmax of 19.94 Teraflops. In November 2004, Columbia entered the list at #2 with 51.8 Teraflops, and there wa...
Released processors
The Itanium processors show a progression in capability. Merced was a proof of concept. McKinley dramatically improved the memory hierarchy and allowed Itanium to become reasonably competitive. Madison, with the shift to a 130 nm process, allowed for enough cache space to overcome the major performance bottlenecks. Montecito, with a 90 nm process, allowed for a dual-core implementation and a major improvement in performance per watt. Montvale added three new features: core-level lockstep, dem...
Future processors
During the HP vs. Oracle support lawsuit, court documents unsealed by Santa Clara CountyCourt judge revealed in 2008, Hewlett-Packard had paid Intel Corp. around $440 million to keep producing and updating Itanium microprocessors from 2009 to 2014. In 2010, the two companies signed another $250 million deal, which obliged Intel to continue making Itanium central processing units for HP's machines until 2017. Under the terms of the agreements, HP has to pay for chips it gets from Intel, while...
HP Integrity Servers Home Page Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback MachineSome undocumented Itanium 2 microarchitectural information Archived 2007-02-23 at the Wayback Machine- 300 MHz to 667 MHz
- 733 MHz to 2.53 GHz
- Itanium
- From mid-2001 to present
People also ask
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Itanium ( / aɪˈteɪniəm /; eye-TAY-nee-əm) is a discontinued family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64). The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel.
Two years later, as the product neared its launch, Intel announced it would use the name Itanium. Introducing Itanium IA-64 was designed to handle complex tasks like scientific computing and simulations, high-volume stock trading, airline reservation systems and secure internet transactions.
Nov 2, 2023 · Itanium was Intel's first 64-bit CPU, powered by the IA-64 architecture, and was jointly developed by Intel and HP. It was a troubled product almost from the start, missing its 1999 launch and...
