A semi-presidential system or dual executive system is a system of government in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter being responsible to the legislature of the state.
- Military Governments
Presidential republics with an executive presidency separate...
- Definition
Maurice Duverger's original definition of...
- Subtypes
There are two separate subtypes of semi-presidentialism:...
- Division of powers
The powers that are divided between president and prime...
- Cohabitation
Semi-presidential systems may sometimes experience periods...
- Advantages and disadvantages
The incorporation of elements from both presidential and...
- Military Governments
Semi-presidentialism is the system of government, in which the president exists along with the prime minister and the Cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state.
The semi-presidential system is a system of government where both the prime minister and the president run the day-to-day affairs of the state. This short article about politics can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
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A presidential system contrasts with a parliamentary system, where the head of government comes to power by gaining the confidence of an elected legislature. There are also hybrid systems such as the semi-presidential system, used in the former Weimar Republic and in France.
(3) Semi-Presidential System (Strong Presidency): President has significant leadership role in the setting and implementation of executive policy, but must share executive powers and delegate day-to-day decision making to a Prime Minister responsible to the legislature.
A semi-presidential system or dual executive system is a system of government in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter being responsible to the legislature of the state.
Ang pamahalaang pamamaraang semi-presidensyal, pamamaraang kalahati-pampanguluhan o sistemang kalahi-pampanguluhan ay isang pamahalaan kung saan ang isang pangulo kasama umiiral ang punong ministro at gabinete na kung saan nananagot sa lehislatura ng isang estado.Naiiba ito sa republika pamamaraang parlamentaryo o parliamentary republic system kung saan ang pinuno ng estado ay higit pa sa ...
Semi-parliamentary system can refer to either a prime-ministerial system, in which voters simultaneously vote for both members of legislature and the prime minister, or to a system of government in which the legislature is split into two parts that are both directly elected – one that has the power to remove the members of the executive by a vote of no confidence and another that does not.
- Division of Powers
- Cohabitation
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The powers that are divided between president and prime minister can vary greatly between countries. In France, for example, in case of cohabitation when the president and the prime minister come from opposing parties, the president is responsible for foreign policy and the prime minister for domestic policy.[2] In this case, the division of powers between the prime minister and the president is not explicitly stated in the constitution, but has evolved as a political convention. In Finland, by contrast, this particular aspect of the separation of powers is explicitly stated in the constitution: "foreign policy is led by the president in cooperation with the cabinet".
Further information: Cohabitation (government) Semi-presidential systems may sometimes experience periods in which the President and the Prime Minister are from differing and opposing political parties. This is called "cohabitation", a term which originated in France when the situation first arose in the 1980s. In most cases, cohabitation results from a system in which the two executives are not elected at the same time or for the same term. For example, in 1981, France elected both a Socialist president and legislature, which yielded a Socialist premier. But whereas the president's term of office was for seven years, the National Assembly only served for five. When, in the 1986 legislative election, the French people elected a right-center Assembly, Socialist President Mitterrandwas forced into "cohabitation" with a rightist premier. Cohabitation can create an effective system of checks and balances or a period of bitter and tense stonewalling, depending on the attitudes of the two...
Prof. Robert Elgie of Dublin City University (School of Law and Government) is a leading academic on Semi-presidentialism
Steven D. Roper. Are All Semipresidential Regimes the Same?Maurice Duverger. 1978 .Échec au roi. Paris.Maurice Duverger. 1980.’A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government’ European Journal of Political Research, (8) 2, pp. 165–87.Giovanni Sartori. 1997. Comparative constitutional engineering. Second edition. London: MacMillan Press.
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A semi-presidential system or dual executive system is a system of government in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter being responsible to the legislature of the state. en.wikipedia.org
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