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In January 1592, John Casimir died and the 17 year old Frederick assumed control of the government of the Electorate of the Palatinate. Frederick continued John Casimir's anti- Catholic measures and in 1608 became the head of the Protestant military alliance known as the Protestant Union.
The Palatinate remained Roman Catholic during the early Reformation but adopted Calvinism in the 1560s under Elector Frederick III. The Palatinate became the bulwark of the Protestant cause in Germany.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Palatinate was taken by Tilly; he won at Wimpfen and Höchst (1622). Frederick's lands were confiscated by the emperor, and the Upper Palatinate and the electorate were conferred on Maximilian of Bavaria. The imperialist victory at Stadtlohn (1623) practically ended one phase of the war.
Frederick fled into exile in the United Provinces. The Spanish occupied the western part of the Palatinate, cementing their control of the strategic corridor known as the Spanish Road; Maximilian of Bavaria took the rest.
- 30 August 1620 – 27 August 1623
- Protestant defeat
The present state of Rheinland-Pfalz consists of the Palatinate, parts of the former Prussian Rhine province (Rhineland), plus some smaller territories including Hohenzollern. The slope of the Palatine Forest (Pfaelzer Wald) is one of the biggest wine-producing areas in Germany.
From his office grew the Countship Palatine of the Rhine, or simply the Palatinate, which, from the time of the emperor Frederick I Barbarossa (d. 1190), became a great territorial power. The term palatine recurs in the 14th century, when the emperor Charles IV instituted a court body of household counts palatine, but they had only voluntary ...
Frederick V was the elector Palatine of the Rhine, king of Bohemia (as Frederick I, 1619–20), and director of the Protestant Union. Brought up a Calvinist, partly in France, Frederick succeeded his father, Frederick IV, both as elector and as director of the Protestant Union in 1610, with Christian.
