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However, from a social-scientific standpoint, age fourteen, the school-leaving age in the era of the First World War in most countries, marked the end of childhood and the beginning of youth for most people in Europe. At age fourteen, the vast majority of young people began their working lives as wage laborers, domestic servants, or apprentices.
A British soldier plays a banjo outside a trench dugout on the Western Front, 1916. Soldiers would spend around a week at a time in the trenches. They would then get several days away from the ...
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- The Shell-Shocked Soldier↑
- Shell Shock and History↑
- Doctors and Shell Shock: Early Responses↑
- Shell Shock, Cowardice and Discipline: The Ethics of Military Mental-Medicine↑
- Shell Shock After The War: Pensions and Politics↑
- Conclusions: Hero-Victims and Patient Protest↑
In 1916 a young Australian soldier was admitted to Seale Hayne hospitalin Devon from where he wrote the following letter to his family: The soldier was suffering from shell shock. In his case the symptoms were hysterical deafness and loss of speech, conditions which were treated with a single dose of ether. Doctors told him in writing that it would...
There was much medical commentary on shell shock during and immediately after the war yet historians paid little attention to its history until the late 1970s when Eric Leed argued that shell shock was a soldier’s flight from ‘intolerable reality’ and that neurosis provided men with a legitimate – if temporary – respite from the rigours of warfare....
The first mental casualties appeared after the Battle on Mons in 1914 and they portrayed a baffling range of symptoms: tics, trembling, functional paralysis, hysterical blindness and deafness, speech disorders ranging from stuttering to mutism, confusion, extreme anxiety, headaches, amnesia, depression, unexplained cramps, fainting and vomiting. It...
"Can war make any man a coward in time?" asked Charles McMoran (1881-1977), later Lord Moran, a renowned physician who served in both world wars. This question lay behind much military medical treatment because doctors were dealing with men who would not or could not fight, despite the lack of an obvious physical wound. Moran eventually concluded t...
The problem of shell shock did not end with the armistice. Some men succumbed to nervous collapse after hostilities had ceased; some appeared to get better and then suffered from relapses. Moreover, the war wounded and their families, in both victor and combatant nations, wanted some kind of recompense. Notions of citizenship varied across Europe b...
The history of wartime and post-war shell shock is both ambiguous and paradoxical. During the war medical officers, soldiers and civilians displayed sympathy and understanding to shell-shock victims in all combatant armies. At the same time the military code prevailed, as did the medical belief in predisposition and the importance of will; some mil...
Mar 10, 2011 · At Langemarck in October 1914, during the First Battle of Ypres, some 1,500 young Germans were killed in a frontal assault on a strong Allied position. For some this was represented as a heroic ...
There is an ongoing debate among historians whether the First World War did in fact lead to drastic changes in migration and migration policies. The war certainly resulted in numerous severe disruptions in migration patterns: while some migrations came to a standstill because of the war but reappeared once it was over, others disappeared forever and new ones began.
Nov 16, 2023 · Trench Fever and Body Lice. The human body louse ( Pediculus humanus humanus), very similar in appearance to the head louse, infests people living nearby amidst unhygienic conditions. The louse doesn't actually live on the body but rather in the host's clothes, particularly around the seams. It does feed on the host's blood, moving to the skin ...
Nov 9, 2016 · During the dolling out of League of Nation mandates at the Paris Peace Conference, oil was the core issue in establishing the borders of the modern Middle East. Correspondingly, the 1917 Balfour Declaration established, on paper and in principle, a Jewish homeland and Zionist state in Palestine/Israel, in paradox to the pledges prearranged with ...
