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Mar 28, 2024 · Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen consort of both Louis VII of France (1137–52) and Henry II of England (1152–1204) and mother of Richard I (the Lionheart) and John of England. She was perhaps the most powerful woman in 12th-century Europe. Learn more about Eleanor of Aquitaine in this article.
- Régine Pernoud
She became duchess upon her father's death in April 1137, and three months later she married Louis, son of her guardian King Louis VI of France. Shortly afterwards, Louis VI died and Eleanor's husband ascended the throne, making Eleanor queen consort. The couple had two daughters, Marie and Alix.
- 9 April 1137 – 1 April 1204
- Aénor de Châtellerault
- From duchess to queen. During the 12th century, monarchies were gaining power and expanding across Europe as alliances formed and linked them together. Powerful aristocracies that fell within their kingdoms still held great influence and needed to be respected.
- Queen of France. The wedding was celebrated in Bordeaux on July 25, 1137. Seven days later, Louis the Fat was dead, leaving the teenagers Louis and Eleanor to rule as king and queen.
- Queen on a crusade. The Crusades were a series of European military expeditions to the Holy Land. Starting in 1095, the First Crusade aimed to recapture sites under the control of Islamic rulers.
- Royal endings. A series of disastrous military decisions resulted in the failure of the Second Crusade. In 1149 Louis and Eleanor boarded ships to sail back to France in defeat.
- The most eligible woman in Europe. Born in about 1122, Eleanor became Duchess of Aquitaine, a region in what is now south-western France, after her father’s death in 1137.
- An unhappy marriage. Eleanor and Louis had two daughters, Marie (born in 1145) and Alice (1150), but their lack of a son and heir caused tension between the couple.
- Queen of England. Though Eleanor wished to stay unmarried, this was impossible because her wealth and power made her a target for kidnapping (if she was forcibly married, the kidnapper could take her lands).
- Revolt and Imprisonment. In 1173 Eleanor’s eldest surviving son, Henry, dissatisfied with his lack of power, plotted to overthrow his father. He travelled to Aquitaine, and his brothers Richard and Geoffrey joined him in the plot.
May 5, 2002 · The marriage was annulled in March 1152 on grounds of consanguinity. The annulment gave Eleanor back Aquitaine and Poitou, which she took with her eight weeks later to Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, to whom, incidentally, she was just as closely related as she had been to Louis.
Feb 8, 2019 · In July 1137, just a few months after the death of her father, Eleanor of Aquitaine married Louis, heir to the throne of France. He became the King of France when his father died less than a month later. During the course of her marriage to Louis, Eleanor of Aquitaine bore him two daughters, Marie and Alix.
Eleanor was now free to marry Henry, to whom she was (ironically) even more closely related. Eleanor departed the French court for her home in March of that year. En route, Henry’s brother and another lord tried to kidnap her so they might marry her and claim the Aquitaine lands.
