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As a result, sweet-tempered John Dewey, who welcomed dialog and experimentation, is blamed for any change that opponents can label “progressive”: open classrooms, cooperative learning, life adjustment, language reading, the attacks on Latin and canonical books, the slighting of the gifted and talented, declining test scores.
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John Dewey was an American psychologist, philosopher, educator, social critic, and political activist. He made contributions to numerous fields and topics in philosophy and psychology. Besides being a primary originator of both functionalism and behaviorism psychology, Dewey was a major inspiration for several movements that shaped 20th-century tho...
Pragmatism
Dewey is one of the central figures and founders of pragmatism in America, despite not himself identifying as a pragmatist. Pragmatism teaches that things which are useful — meaning that they work in a practical situation — are true, and what does not work is false (Hildebrand, 2018). This rejected the threads of epistemology and metaphysics that ran through modern philosophy in favor of a naturalistic approach that viewed knowledge as an active adaptation of humans to their environment (Hild...
Functionalism
Dewey developed a theory of functionalism inspired by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, as well as the ideas of William Jamesand Dewey’s own instrumental philosophy. Scholars widely consider Dewey’s 1896 paper, The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology, to be the first major work in the functionalist school. In this work, Dewey attacked the methods of psychologists such as Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, who used stimulus-response analysis as the basis of psychological theories. Psychologi...
Educational Philosophy
John Dewey was a notable educational reformer and established the path for decades of subsequent research in the field of educational psychology. Influenced by his philosophical and psychological theories, Dewey’s concept of instrumentalism in education stressed learning by doing, which was opposed to authoritarian teaching methods and rote learning. These ideas have remained central to educational philosophy in the United States. At the University of Chicago, Dewey founded an experimental sc...
Dewey believed that people learn and grow as a result of their experiences and interactions with the world. These compel people to continually develop new concepts, ideas, practices, and understandings. These, in turn, are refined through and continue to mediate the learner’s life experiences and social interactions. Dewey believed that (Hargraves,...
Despite its wide application in modern theories of education, many scholars have noted the lack of empirical evidence in favor of Dewey’s theories of education directly. Nonetheless, Dewey’s theory of how students learn aligns with empirical studies that examine the positive impact of interactions with peers and adults on learning (Göncü & Rogoff, ...
Another influential piece of philosophy that Dewey created was his theory of emotion (Cunningham, 1995). Dewey reconstructed Darwin’s theory of emotions, which he believed was flawed for assuming that the expression of emotion is separate from and and subsequent to the emotion itself. Darwin also argued that behavior that expresses emotion serves t...
Backe, A. (2001). John Dewey and early Chicago functionalism. History of Psychology, 4(4), 323. Cunningham, S. (1995). Dewey on emotions: recent experimental evidence. Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, 31(4), 865-874. Dewey, J. (1974). John Dewey on education: Selected writings. Göncü, A., & Rogoff, B. (1998). Children’s categorization...
John Dewey has had a profound influence on education in America. His many accomplishments include the founding of functional psychology, the development of the philosophy of pragmatism, and the development of progressive education.
Dewey was the American founder of ‘progressive education’, a direct counterpoint to the ‘traditional’ or didactic education of the schools of the early 20th century. At present, the opposition, so far as the practical affairs of the school are concerned, tends to take the form of contrast between traditional and progressive education.
John Dewey is regarded as the central theorist of progressive education. By the beginning of the 20th century, Dewey established himself as a respected theorist of education, and he remained a part of conversa-tions around educational reform until his death in 1952 (Moyer, 2009).
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Nov 3, 2020 · In present-day textbooks on education, Dewey’s name is associated with progressive education. This chapter outlined progressivism in America (1860–1920) and took a closer look at progressive education (1910–1940).
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Does John Dewey support progressive education?
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When did Dewey use the term “progressive education”?
The progressive educational ideas and practices developed in the United States, especially by John Dewey, were joined with the European tradition after 1900. In 1896 Dewey founded the Laboratory Schools at the University of Chicago to test the validity of his pedagogical theories.
