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33 pharaonic dynasties
- In ancient Egyptian history, dynasties are series of rulers sharing a common origin. They are usually, but not always, traditionally divided into 33 pharaonic dynasties; these dynasties are commonly grouped by modern scholars into "kingdoms" and "intermediate periods".
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Jul 23, 2024 · The division of pharaohs into dynasties dates to Egyptian priest Manetho’s 3rd-century-bce history of Egypt, which survives in fragmentary form in some of the works of the later historians Josephus, Julius Africanus, Eusebius, and George Syncellus. All dates given in this list are in years bce.
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In ancient Egyptian history, dynasties are series of rulers sharing a common origin. They are usually, but not always, traditionally divided into 33 pharaonic dynasties; these dynasties are commonly grouped by modern scholars into "kingdoms" and "intermediate periods".
DynastySeatPeriod Of Rule(start)Period Of Rule(end)3150 BC2900 BC2880 BC2686 BC2687 BC2613 BC2613 BC2494 BCModern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records and, including Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as Manetho 's Aegyptiaca, as well as archaeological evidence.
Throne NamePersonal NameCommentsReignFounded the 13th Dynasty. His reign is ...1802–1800 BC [ 113]Mehibtawy SekhemkarePerhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy ...1800–1796 BC [ 113]Sobek [...]Attested on a Nile record from Semna.1796 BCAmenemhat VRuled for 3 to 4 years [ 113]1796–1793 BC [ 113]list of pharaohs of ancient Egypt. pharaoh. dynasty. Egyptian kings were first divided into their traditional dynasties by an Egyptian priest named Manetho about 300 bce. Manetho gave each of these dynasties a number, starting with the unification of Egypt and ending when Egypt fell to the Persian king Artaxerxes III.
- Old Kingdom, 2686–2160 BC
- First Intermediate Period, 2160–2055 BC
- Middle Kingdom, 2055–1650 BC
- Second Intermediate Period, 1650–1550 BC
- New Kingdom, 1550–1069 BC
- Ramesside Period, 1295–1069 BC
- Third Intermediate Period, 1069–664 BC
- Late Period, 664–332 BC
- Ptolemaic Period, 332–30 BC
3rd Dynasty: 2686–2613 BC First pharaoh: Nebka (2686–2667 BC) Last pharaoh: Huni (2637–2613 BC) 4th Dynasty: 2613–2494 BC First pharaoh: Sneferu (2613–2589 BC) Last pharaoh: Shepseskaf (2503–2498 BC) 5th Dynasty: 2494–2345 BC First pharaoh: Userkaf (2494–2487 BC) Last pharaoh: Unas (2375–2345 BC) 6th Dynasty: 2345–2181 BC First pharaoh: Teti (2345–...
9th and 10th Dynasties: 2160–2025 BC First pharaoh: K hety (2160 BC–unknown) Last pharaoh: Merykara (unknown –2025 BC) 11th Dynasty (Thebes only): 2125–2055 BC First pharaoh: Intef I (2125–2112 BC) Last pharaoh: Intef III (2063–2055 BC) Key information: Centralised power weakens during this period, and Egypt is ruled by two competing dynasties. One...
11th Dynasty (all Egypt): 2055–1985 BC First pharaoh: Mentuhotep II (2055–2004 BC) Last pharaoh: Mentuhotep IV (1992–1985 BC) 12th Dynasty: 1985–1773 BC First pharaoh: Amenemhat I (1985–1956 BC) Last pharaoh: Queen Sobekneferu (1777–1773 BC) 13th Dynasty: 1773–after 1650 BC First pharaoh: Wegaf (1773 BC–unknown) Last pharaoh: Ay (exact dates unknow...
15th Dynasty: 1650–1550 BC First pharaoh: Salitis/Sekerher (1650 BC–unknown) Last pharaoh: Khamudi (exact dates unknown) 16th Dynasty: 1650–1580 BC Theban rulers contemporary with 15th Dynasty 17th Dynasty: c1580–1550 BC First pharaoh: Rahotep (c1580 BC–unknown) Last pharaoh: Kamose (1555–1550 BC) Key information: Egypt is once again ruled by compe...
18th Dynasty: 1550–1295 BC First pharaoh: Ahmose I (1550–1525 BC) Last pharaoh: Horemheb (1323–1295 BC)
19th Dynasty: 1295–1186 BC First pharaoh: Ramesses I (1295–1294 BC) Last pharaoh: Queen Tausret (1188–1186 BC) 20th Dynasty:1186–1069 BC First pharaoh: Sethnakht (1186–1184 BC) Last pharaoh: Ramesses XI (1099–1069 BC) Key information: Ahmose I drives the Hyksos from the Delta and reunites Egypt, ushering in nearly 500 years of political and economi...
21st Dynasty: 1069–945 BC First pharaoh: Smendes (1069–1043 BC) Last pharaoh: Psusennes II (959–945 BC) 22nd Dynasty: 945–715 BC First pharaoh: Sheshonq I (945–924 BC) Last pharaoh: Osorkon IV (unknown–715 BC) 23rd Dynasty: 818–715 BC (contemporary with late 22nd, 24th and early 25th dynasties) Pharaohs include: Pedubastis I, Takelot III, Iuput II ...
26th Dynasty: 664–525 BC First pharaoh: Psamtek I (664–610 BC) Last pharaoh: Psamtek III (526–525 BC) 27th Dynasty (1st Persian Period): 525–404 BC First pharaoh: Cambyses (525–522 BC) Last pharaoh: Artaxerxes II (405–359 BC) 28th Dynasty: 404–399 BC Only pharaoh: Amyrtaios (404–399 BC) 29th Dynasty: 399–380 BC First pharaoh: Nepherites I (399–393 ...
Macedonian Dynasty: 332–305 BC First pharaoh: Alexander the Great (332–323 BC) Last pharaoh: Alexander IV (317–310 BC, nominal ruler 310–305 BC) Ptolemaic Dynasty: 305 BC–30 AD First pharaoh: Ptolemy I Soter (305–285 BC) Last pharaoh: Ptolemy XV Caesarion (44–30 BC) Key information: After Alexander the Great’s death, rule passes to one of his gener...
- Charlotte Hodgman
The Dynasties. Periods of political unrest or instability are referred to as “intermediate periods” in Egyptian history, whereas stable times are regarded as “kingdoms.” The division of pharaohs into dynasties is generally considered to be an invention by the Egyptian priest Manetho.
“A chronological list of the rulers and pharaohs of Ancient Egypt and Nubia based on kings lists kept by the ancient Egyptians: the Palermo Stone, the Abydos Kings List, and the Turin Canon.”
