Search results
Sep 26 Russia, Prussia and Austria sign the Holy Alliance. Sep 28 Joachim Murats fleet sails from Corsica to Naples. Sep 29 Dutch King William I forms the Dutch Order of the Lion, oldest and highest civilian order of chivalry in the Netherlands.
Historical Events. Sep 21 King Willem I takes oath in Brussels. PM Talleyrand Resigns. Sep 26 Charles Maurice de Talleyrand -Périgord resigns as Prime Minister of France. Politician and Diplomat Talleyrand. Sep 26 Russia, Prussia and Austria sign the Holy Alliance. Sep 28 Joachim Murats fleet sails from Corsica to Naples.
- Overview
- Preliminaries
- Delegates
- Procedure
Congress of Vienna, assembly in 1814–15 that reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. It began in September 1814, five months after Napoleon I’s first abdication and completed its “Final Act” in June 1815, shortly before the Waterloo campaign and the final defeat of Napoleon. The settlement was the most-comprehensive treaty that Europe had eve...
Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain, the four powers that were chiefly instrumental in the overthrow of Napoleon, had concluded a special alliance among themselves with the Treaty of Chaumont, on March 9, 1814, a month before Napoleon’s first abdication. The subsequent treaties of peace with France, signed on May 30 not only by the “four” b...
Representatives began to arrive in Vienna toward the end of September 1814. All of Europe sent its most-important statesmen. Klemens, prince von Metternich, principal minister of Austria, represented his emperor, Francis II. Tsar Alexander I of Russia directed his own diplomacy. King Frederick William III of Prussia had Karl, prince von Hardenberg, as his principal minister. Great Britain was represented by its foreign minister, Viscount Castlereagh. When Castlereagh had to return to his parliamentary duties, the duke of Wellington replaced him, and Lord Clancarty was principal representative after the duke’s departure. The restored Louis XVIII of France sent Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand. Spain, Portugal, and Sweden had only men of moderate ability to represent them. Many of the rulers of the minor states of Europe put in an appearance. With them came a host of courtiers, secretaries, and ladies to enjoy the magnificent social life of the Austrian court.
Assisting Metternich as host, Friedrich Gentz played a vital role in the management of protocol and in the secretarial organization of the congress. The social side of the congress was, in fact, one of the causes of the long and unexpected delay in producing a result, for Metternich at least sometimes subordinated business to pleasure.
The procedure of the congress was determined by the difficulty and complexity of the issues to be solved. First there was the problem of the organization of the congress, for which there was no precedent. The “four” were determined to keep the management of the main problems entirely in their own hands, but since they had rather rashly summoned a congress, they had to pay some attention to it. Thus, the ministers of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain assembled early for discussions and finally agreed, on September 22, 1814, that the “four” should be those to decide the future of all the conquered territories. They were then to communicate their decisions to France and Spain. The full congress was to be summoned only when all was ready.
Such was the situation that Talleyrand found when he arrived on September 24. He refused to accept it and was supported by Spain’s representative, the marqués de Labrador. Talleyrand denied that either the “four” or the “six” (including France and Spain) was a legally constituted body and desired that the congress should be summoned to elect a directing committee. If any other body had rights in the matter, it was the group of powers—Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, Spain, and Portugal—that had signed the 1814 Treaty of Paris with France (thus, the “eight”), which ended the Napoleonic Wars for the first time. The core four were much disturbed, knowing that the smaller powers would support Talleyrand if they gave him the chance of appealing to them. They had no intention of giving way, however, and refused to summon a meeting of all the representatives. The opening of the congress was postponed until November 1. No solution could be found, however, and after a meeting of the “eight” on October 30, the opening was again postponed.
Exclusive academic rate for students! Save 67% on Britannica Premium.
Learn More
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Sep 9, 2014 · A caricature of the Great Powers dividing Europe at the Congress of Vienna, c. 1815. Deutsche Fotothek. Public Domain. The ‘long 19th century’ was a period of relative peace that began arguably with the Congress of Vienna in September 1814 and lasted until the outbreak of the First World War in July 1914.
The September Gale of 1815 damaged crops, buildings and ships, killed livestock and people, toppled forests and caused a water shortage for as long as six months in some places. Only the New England Hurricane of 1938 was more destructive.
September 23 – The Great September Gale of 1815 is the first hurricane to strike New England in 180 years. December 25 – The Handel and Haydn Society, the oldest continuously performing arts organization in the U.S., gives its first performance, at the King's Chapel in Boston. [1]
People also ask
What events happened in 1812 & 1815?
What was the impact of the September Gale of 1815?
What type of Hurricane was the September Gale of 1815?
Did the Great September Gale of 1815 cause a second hurricane?
Mar ch. Apr il. May. Jun e. Jul y. Aug ust. Sep tember. Oct ober. Nov ember. Dec ember. Highlights. Events. Birthdays. Deaths. Weddings. Jan 3 France, the United Kingdom, and Austria form an alliance against Russia and Prussia. Jan 8 Battle of New Orleans (War of 1812); the war had ended on 24th December 1814 but none of the combatants knew.
