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- Captured about 1080 by the Seljuq Turks, who renamed it Kayseri, it later formed a part of the Dānishmend principality. It fell to the Mongols in 1243 and in the 14th century functioned as the chief city of the Turkmen Ertanid principality before passing to the Ottomans in 1397.
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The city was called Kaisariyah (قيصرية) by the Arabs, and later Kayseri (قیصری) by the Seljuk Turks after it was captured by Alp Arslan in 1067. Alp Arslan's forces demolished the city and massacred its population. The shrine of Saint Basil was also sacked after the fall of the city.
Apr 23, 2024 · After the Ottomans were defeated by Timur (Tamerlane) in 1402, Kayseri was annexed by the Karamanid Turkmens and later by the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria until it was recaptured by the Ottoman sultan Selim I in 1515. The present-day city shows many signs of its Roman and medieval heritage.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
In 371, the western part of the Cappadocia province was divided into Cappadocia Prima, with its capital at Caesarea (modern-day Kayseri); and Cappadocia Secunda, with its capital at Tyana. By 386, the region to the east of Caesarea had become part of Armenia Secunda, while the northeast had become part of Armenia Prima.
The city became prominent in the sixth century BC when the Persian Empire made Mazaca its capital for ruling over the empire’s new territories in Cappadocia. The Zoroastrian Persians were drawn to the volcanic mountain and natural flames.
"Kayseri" refers to Caesar Augustus (Octavian, 63 BCE-14 AD, the first Roman Emperor), and similar names were given to several towns across his growing empire. It had previously been called Mazaka (Մաժաք in Armenian) and sat on a ridge outcrop of Mount Argaeus, the volcano now known as Erciyes.
Later, during the Roman period, the province's name was changed to Kaesarea, then Kayzer before becoming known with its modern name of Kayseri. Danishmend Gazi conquered Kayseri in 1084. The Seljuk Empire then modernised the province, with new buildings and mosques being built around.
The city was occupied by the Mamluks of Egypt in 1419. Sultan Selim I incorporated Kayseri into the Ottoman Empire in 1515. The city has numerous historical remains.
