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Jul 14, 2011 · USPS Form 1260: Nontransactor Card - July 14, 2011 | American Postal Workers Union. 1260 , USPS Forms , PS Form 1260 , Nontransactor Card. return to Contract Database. Overview View Online Download. USPS Form 1260: Nontransactor Card - July 14, 2011. Document Type: Other. Craft: All CraftClerkMaintenanceMotor Vehicle Service.
Year 1260 ( MCCLX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar . Events. By place. Africa. October 24 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself. [1] [2]
- In This Corner: The Mongol Empire
- In The Other Corner: The Mamluk Dynasty of Egypt
- Prelude to The Show-Down
- Hulagu Khan Throws Down The Gauntlet
- Fate Intervenes
- The Battle of Ayn Jalut
- Aftermath of The Battle of Ayn Jalut
- A Turning-Point in History
- Sources
In 1206, the young Mongol leader Temujin was declared the ruler of all the Mongols; he took the name Genghis Khan(or Chinguz Khan). By the time he died in 1227, Genghis Khan controlled Central Asia from the Pacific coast of Siberia to the Caspian Sea in the west. After Genghis Khan's death, his descendants divided the Empire into four separate khan...
While the Mongols were busy with their ever-expanding empire, the Islamic world was fighting off Christian Crusaders from Europe. The great Muslim general Saladin(Salah al-Din) conquered Egypt in 1169, founding the Ayyubid Dynasty. His descendants used increasing numbers of Mamluk soldiers in their internecine struggles for power. The Mamluks were ...
Hulagu's campaign to subdue the Islamic lands began with an assault on the infamous Assassins or Hashshashinof Persia. A splinter group of the Isma'ili Shia sect, the Hashshashin were based out of a cliff-side fortress called the Alamut, or "Eagle's Nest." On December 15, 1256, the Mongols captured Alamut and destroyed the power of the Hashshashin....
In 1260, Hulagu sent two envoys to Cairo with a threatening letter for the Mamluk sultan. It said, in part: "To Qutuz the Mamluk, who fled to escape our swords. You should think of what happened to other countries and submit to us. You have heard how we have conquered a vast empire and have purified the earth of the disorders that tainted it. We ha...
Even as the Mongol emissaries were delivering Hulagu's message to Qutuz, Hulagu himself received word that his brother Mongke, the Great Khan, had died. This untimely death set off a succession struggle within the Mongolian royal family. Hulagu had no interest in the Great Khanship himself, but he wanted to see his younger brother Kublai installed ...
On September 3, 1260, the two armies met at the oasis of Ayn Jalut (meaning "The Eye of Goliath" or "Goliath's Well"), in the Jezreel Valley of Palestine. The Mongols had the advantages of self-confidence and hardier horses, but the Mamluks knew the terrain better and had larger (thus faster) steeds. The Mamluks also deployed an early form of firea...
The Mamluks suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Ayn Jalut, but nearly the entire Mongol contingent was destroyed. This battle was a severe blow to the confidence and reputation of the hordes, which had never suffered such a defeat. Suddenly, they did not seem invincible. Despite the loss, however, the Mongols did not simply fold their tents and ...
Why were the Mongols never able to defeat the Mamluks, after mowing through most of the known world? Scholars have suggested a number of answers to this puzzle. It may be simply that the internal strife among different branches of the Mongolian Empire prevented them from ever throwing enough riders against the Egyptians. Possibly, the greater profe...
Reuven Amitai-Preiss. Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-1281, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995). Charles J. Halperin. "The Kipchack Connection: The Ilkhans, the Mamluks and Ayn Jalut," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 63, No. 2 (2000), 229-245. John Joseph Saunders. The ...
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Historical events from year 1260. Learn about 7 famous, scandalous and important events that happened in 1260 or search by date or keyword.
