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t. e. The Byzantine Empire was ruled by the Palaiologos dynasty in the period between 1261 and 1453, from the restoration of Byzantine rule to Constantinople by the usurper Michael VIII Palaiologos following its recapture from the Latin Empire, founded after the Fourth Crusade (1204), up to the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire.
The siege of Constantinople in 1260 was the failed attempt by the Nicene Empire, the major remnant of the fractured Byzantine Empire, to retake Constantinople from the Latin Empire and re-establish the City as the political, cultural and spiritual capital of a revived Byzantine Empire.
- 1260
- Latin victory, Nicaean army fails to capture Constantinople.
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Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople in 1261, the reconstituted empire would wield only regional power during its final two centuries of existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans in perennial wars fought throughout the 14th and 15th centuries.
Part of Nicaean-Latin Wars. The Gate of the Spring ( Pege) or Selymbria Gate, through which Strategopoulos and his men entered Constantinople on 25 July 1261. Date. 1261. Location. Constantinople. Result. Nicaean victory. Re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire.
- 1261
Africa. October 24 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself. [1] [2] The civil servant and bard longing for lost al-Andalus, Ibn al-Abbar, is burnt at the stake by the Marinid ruler. [3] The Arba'a Rukun Mosque is completed in Mogadishu.
In the west, the Western Europeans betrayed the Byzantines and attacked their capital, Constantinople in in 1204. The Byzantines did not take it back until 1261. They were then divided into many smaller Greek states, which fought one another for control. Fall to Turks (1261–1453)
August 15 – Michael VIII ( Palaiologos) enters Constantinople in triumph and is crowned as emperor of the Byzantine Empire at the Hagia Sophia. To solidify his claim, the legitimate ruler, John IV ( Laskaris ), is blinded on Michael's orders on his 11th birthday.
