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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353. One of the most fatal pandemics in human history, as many as 50 million people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas.
- 1346–1353
- Bubonic plague
- 75,000,000–200,000,000 (estimated)
Due to the long time spans, the first plague pandemic (6th century – 8th century) and the second plague pandemic (14th century – early 19th century) are shown by individual outbreaks, such as the Plague of Justinian (first pandemic) and the Black Death (second pandemic).
EventYearsLocationDisease1350 BC plague of Megiddoc. 1350 BCMegiddo, land of CanaanAmarna letters EA 244, Biridiya, mayor of ...Hittite Plague /"Hand of Nergal"c. 1330 BCNear East, Hittite Empire, Alashiya, ...Unknown, possibly Tularemia. Mentioned in ...430–426 BCGreece, Libya, Egypt, EthiopiaUnknown, possibly typhus, typhoid fever ...412 BCGreece ( Northern Greece, Roman Republic ...Unknown, possibly influenzaPeople also ask
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Sep 23, 2020 · During the fourteenth century, the bubonic plague or Black Death killed more than one third of Europe or 25 million people. Those afflicted died quickly and horribly from an unseen menace, spiking high fevers with suppurative buboes (swellings).
- Kathryn A. Glatter, Paul Finkelman
- 2021
- Death Toll
- Social, Environmental, and Economic Effects
- Cultural Effects
- See Also
- External Links
Figures for the death toll vary widely by area and from source to source, and estimates are frequently revised as historical research brings new discoveries to light. Most scholars estimate that the Black Death killed up to 75 million people in the 14th century, at a time when the entire world population was still less than 500 million.Even where t...
Because 14th-century healers were at a loss to explain the cause of the Black Death, many Europeans gave supernatural forces, earthquakes, malicious conspiracies and other things as possible reasons for the plague's emergence. No one in the 14th century considered rat control a way to ward off the plague, and people began to believe that only God's...
The Black Death had profound effects on art and literature. After 1350, European culture in general turned very morbid. The general mood was one of pessimism, and contemporary art turned dark with representations of death. The widespread image of the "dance of death" showed death (a skeleton) choosing victims at random. The skeletons in the dance o...
John H. A. Munro, 2005. "Before and After the Black Death: Money, Prices, and Wages in Fourteenth-Century England," Working Papers munro-04-04, University of Toronto, Department of Economics
Plague was the cause of some of the most-devastating epidemics in history. It was the disease behind the Black Death of the 14th century, when as much as one-third of Europe ’s population died. Huge pandemics also arose in Asia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, eventually spreading around the world and causing millions of deaths.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Oct 2, 2019 · 572 Altmetric. Metrics. The second plague pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis, devastated Europe and the nearby regions between the 14 th and 18 th centuries AD. Here we analyse human remains...
Jun 15, 2022 · The 14th-century plague was actually the second large Y. pestis epidemic — the first was the Plague of Justinian in the sixth century, said Mary Fissell, a medical historian at Johns Hopkins...