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The seventeenth century: Economy. A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 6, the Borough and Liberties of Beverley. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1989. This free content was digitised by double rekeying. All rights reserved.
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978-1-64336-105-5. History, Economics. The Atlantic Economy during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries is a collection of essays focusing on the expansion, elaboration, and increasing integrati...
This paper proposes to approach the economic ideas which prevailed in England during the early 17th century by moving beyond the historical and analytical exegesis of the printed pamphlets of the time, and focusing instead on the intellectual perspectives brought to bear upon economic matters by three of the most prominent public figures of ...
- Brian Weiser
- Nathan Nunna,b
- 3.2 The benefits of cultural evolution
- 3.3 Insights from a recognition of history as evolution
- 3.3.2.1 Innovation and the collective brain
- 3.3.3 How and why history matters
- + (1 − x)ΠE(x).
- 3.5 Conclusions
aHarvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States bCanadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON, Canada
The standard definition of ‘culture’ from evolutionary anthropology defines culture as the knowledge, technology, values, beliefs, and norms that can be transmitted across generations and between indi-viduals (e.g., Boyd and Richerson, 1985). There are numerous examples of cultural traits that vary by context: religious/supernatural beliefs, views ...
I now turn to a discussion of how an evolutionary framework provides a range of insights relevant for economics. At this point, a few caveats are in order. Although I have organized these insights into subsections, the ideas do not necessarily flow from one subsection to the next. These should be thought of as disparate insights that have come to m...
To drive home the similarity of cultural transmission and knowledge accumulation, both empirically and theoretically, I will compare two ways of thinking about knowledge. One will be familiar to the reader and is at the center of endogenous growth theory. The other, which will be less familiar, is from evolutionary anthropology and emphasizes the f...
As we have noted, an important aspect of cultural evolution is that it is cumulative. As with biological evolution, the benefit of any possible mutation (and what the optimal next improvement is) depends on the current state of the organism and the environment. In addition, progress must be made in a series of incremental steps (one is not able to ...
Given this dynamic, which formalizes the notion that cultural evolution is incremental and cumu-lative, a number of insights emerge. The first is that one of the three Nash equilibria above is unstable. This is the equilibrium marked xB. It is straightforward to verify that a slight change in x either above or below xB will generate movements in x ...
In this chapter, I provided an overview of the insights that emerge when history is viewed through an evolutionary lens. The first part of the chapter discussed the theory and empirical evidence for the benefits of cultural evolution. The primary advantage of culture is that it allows one to conserve on in-formation acquisition costs and to tap int...
A Marxist historian and scholar of English history, Hobsbawm saw an economic crisis in the 17th century that was the final break from the feudal economic system that had been in place for centuries to the capitalistic economy of the Industrial Revolution.
Smith was an academic by profession, and received university education in both Glasgow and Oxford. He was professor of logic (and later of moral phi-losophy) at Glasgow between 1751 and 1764. Although he lived later on a ducal pension (supplemented still later by a Customs salary) he was es-sentially an academic.
