Search results
People also ask
What are the 5 branches of Philosophy?
Which branch of philosophy is closely linked to epistemology?
What disciplines come from philosophy?
What is philosophy of logic?
- Examining the Universe: Metaphysics. One of the first questions ever posed, not just in the field of philosophy but also in science in general, is the question about Being, the question about the first principle, the root cause of all of existence.
- Examining Knowledge: Epistemology. When being faced with the question of what exists in the world, it’s almost inevitable to ask: how do these thinkers know about Being?
- Examining Reason: Logic. Another branch of philosophy that is closely linked to epistemology is logic. Logic is the study of correct reasoning. The term originates from the Greek word logos, meaning word, reason, thought, or science.
- Examining Morals: Ethics. Ethics is one of the most central disciplines of philosophy. Ethics can simply be defined as a moral philosophy, as it’s concerned with what is morally good and bad, or morally right and wrong.
- Summary
- Definition
- Scope
- Properties
- Philosophy
- Example
- Criticism
- Introduction
- Origins
- Early history
- Advantages
- Impact
- Symptoms
Logic (from the Greek \\"logos\\", which has a variety of meanings including word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason or principle) is the study of reasoning, or the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration. It attempts to distinguish good reasoning from bad reasoning.
Aristotle defined logic as \\"new and necessary reasoning\\", \\"new\\" because it allows us to learn what we do not know, and \\"necessary\\" because its conclusions are inescapable. It asks questions like \\"What is correct reasoning?\\", \\"What distinguishes a good argument from a bad one?\\", \\"How can we detect a fallacy in reasoning?\\"
Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of formal systems of inference and through the study of arguments in natural language. It deals only with propositions (declarative sentences, used to make an assertion, as opposed to questions, commands or sentences expressing wishes) that are capab...
Logical systems should have three things: consistency (which means that none of the theorems of the system contradict one another); soundness (which means that the system's rules of proof will never allow a false inference from a true premise); and completeness (which means that there are no true sentences in the system that cannot, at least in pri...
But modern logic descends mainly from the Ancient Greek tradition. Both Plato and Aristotle conceived of logic as the study of argument and from a concern with the correctness of argumentation. Aristotle produced six works on logic, known collectively as the \\"Organon\\", the first of these, the \\"Prior Analytics\\", being the first explicit work in ...
An example of deduction is: An example of strong induction (an argument in which the truth of the premise would make the truth of the conclusion probable but not definite) is: Therefore: An example of weak induction (an argument in which the link between the premise and the conclusion is weak, and the conclusion is not even necessarily probable) is...
One might deny the initial premises, and therefore deny the conclusion. But anyone who accepts the premises must accept the conclusion. Today, some academics claim that Aristotle's system has little more than historical value, being made obsolete by the advent of Predicate Logic and Propositional Logic (see the sections below). Many philosophers, i...
Inductive reasoning is the process of deriving a reliable generalization from observations (i.e. from the particular to the general), so that the premises of an argument are believed to support the conclusion, but do not necessarily ensure it. Inductive logic is not concerned with validity or conclusiveness, but with the soundness of those inferenc...
Although Aristotle's logic is almost entirely concerned with categorical syllogisms, he did anticipate modal logic to some extent, and its connection with potentiality and time. Modern modal logic was founded by Gottlob Frege, although he initially doubted its viability, and it was only later developed by Rudolph Carnap (1891 - 1970), Kurt Gödel (1...
The Stoic philosophers in the late 3rd century B.C. attempted to study such statement operators as \\"and\\", \\"or\\" and \\"if ... then ...\\", and Chrysippus (c. 280-205 B.C.) advanced a kind of propositional logic, by marking out a number of different ways of forming complex premises for arguments. This system was also studied by Medieval logicians, ...
Predicate Logic allows sentences to be analyzed into subject and argument in several different ways, unlike Aristotelian syllogistic logic, where the forms that the relevant part of the involved judgments took must be specified and limited (see the section on Deductive Logic above). Predicate Logic is also able to give an account of quantifiers gen...
The recognition of ambiguities, equivocations and unstated assumptions underlying known paradoxes has led to significant advances in science, philosophy and mathematics. But many paradoxes (e.g. Curry's Paradox) do not yet have universally accepted resolutions.
Paradoxes often result from self-reference (where a sentence or formula refers to itself directly), infinity (an argument which generates an infinite regress, or infinite series of supporting references), circular definitions (in which a proposition to be proved is assumed implicitly or explicitly in one of the premises), vagueness (where there is ...
Oct 11, 2023 · The field has five main branches to better understand the questions the discipline seeks to answer. These branches include Metaphysics, Aesthetics, Ethics, Logic and Epistemology. Here, we will take a closer look at each branch to better understand philosophy.
Dec 30, 2023 · 1.1 Epistemology. 1.2 Metaphysics. 1.3 Logic. 1.4 Ethics. 1.5 Aesthetics. 1.6 Other Branches. The Branches of Philosophy. Western philosophy can be divided into six branches that have assumed various importance over time. Traditionally metaphysics sets the questions for philosophy. Epistemology asks how do we know?
Nov 21, 2023 · The major branches of philosophy are epistemology (knowledge & truth), metaphysics (reality & being), logic (argumentation & reason), axiology (aesthetics & ethics), and...
- 7 min
Philosophy of logic is the area of philosophy that studies the scope and nature of logic. It investigates the philosophical problems raised by logic, such as the presuppositions often implicitly at work in theories of logic and in their application.
philosophy of logic, the study, from a philosophical perspective, of the nature and types of logic, including problems in the field and the relation of logic to mathematics and other disciplines. The term logic comes from the Greek word logos.
