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Year 69 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hortensius and Metellus (or, less frequently, year 685 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 69 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe ...
Cleopatra "father-loving goddess"; 70/69 BC – 10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and its last active ruler. [note 7] A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty , she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter , a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great .
- Ptolemy XII Auletes
- Presumably Cleopatra V Tryphaena
- 51–30 BC (21 years)
- Ptolemy XII Auletes
Cleopatra VII Philopator (69 BC – August 12, 30 BC) was an Egyptian Queen and the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Cleopatra was a member of the Greek-speaking, Ptolemaic dynasty, who ruled Egypt from 300BC to 30 BC. Deposed from power by her brother, Cleopatra aligned herself with Julius Caesar to regain the throne.
- Early Life and Ascension to the Throne. Cleopatra VII was born in 69 BC into the Ptolemaic dynasty, a Hellenistic royal family that ruled Egypt after the death of Alexander the Great.
- Cleopatra's Dramatic Reign. Cleopatra's reign, which spanned from 51 BC to 30 BC, was marked by political maneuvering, strategic alliances, and a deep understanding of the needs and traditions of her people.
- Her Relationships with Caesar and Mark Antony. Cleopatra's relationship with Julius Caesar began when she was trying to regain her throne from her brother, Ptolemy XIII.
- Cleopatra's Downfall and Death. The final years of Cleopatra's life were marked by political turmoil and personal tragedy. Her alliance with Mark Antony, while initially beneficial, ultimately led to her downfall.
Year 69 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. Events. By place. Roman Republic. Consuls: Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus and Quintus Hortensius. Antiochus XIII Asiaticus is made king of Syria. [1] Roman troops under Lucius Lucullus defeat the army of Tigranes II of Armenia in the Battle of Tigranocerta.
- Raised to Rule
- Divine Queen
- Roman Influence
- Sibling Rivalry
- Roman Invasion
- Wrapped in A Rug
- Alexandrian War
- Continued Co-Regency
- Cleopatra and Caesar
- Becoming Aphrodite
For more than 300 years, Cleopatra’s family ruled Egypt. She was born the third child of King Ptolemy XII in 69 BC. Her name meant “glory of the father”. Cleopatra's two older sisters died before her father, leaving her with the rights due to the firstborn child. Although it is not clearly stated in historical texts, some Egyptologists speculatetha...
At only 18 years old, Cleopatra became Queen of Egypt. She was most likely married to her brother, who was eight years younger. The young couple ruled an empire that included Egypt, Cyprus, parts of Libya and various Middle East territories. Cleopatra used the Egyptian religion learned during her childhood to identify herself as the new version of ...
Although Egypt remained a large and wealthy empire, a new, more powerful force was rising. In 168 BC, almost 100 years before Cleopatra’s birth, Rome became an overseer of Egypt and the Egyptian royal family. An alliancebetween the two empires helped keep the Ptolemy family in rule over their fading empire. At the death of Cleopatra’s father, the R...
Approximately one year into her reign, Cleopatra took advantage of the age difference and decided to ignore the co-regencyof her brother. She removed his name from all official documents. Craftsmen designed legal tender featuring her name and image. For three years, the Queen ruled without regard to her brother. During this time, she began to worry...
While Cleopatra fought to regain controlof Egypt, the Roman guardian Pompey was fighting his own battles against his fellow Romans. Pompey sought refuge with Ptolemy XIII only to be murderedthe moment he arrived at Alexandria. Four days later, Julius Caesar arrived in Alexandria with 3,200 legionaries and 800 cavalry soldiers. Twelve additional sol...
Dressed in her finest, Cleopatra arranged to be smuggledpast the Roman guards and into the palace rolled inside of a rug. She was only 21 years old, while Caesar was 52. Historians believe that Caesar was amused by her brilliant strategy. In addition to a personal attraction, a relationship between Cleopatra and Caesar would greatly benefitthem bot...
Ptolemy had no intention of giving up his throne so easily. Under the leadership of the young co-regent’s advisor, Ponthinus, 20,000 soldiers surrounded Alexandria in 47 BC. During the resulting battle, parts of the Alexandrian Library were destroyedby fire. Caesar’s forces maintained an upper handby maintaining authority over the Pharos lighthouse...
At the death of her brother, Cleopatra became the sole rulerof Egypt. Despite the years of chaos and confusion, the Egyptian priests and people still held tightly to their traditions and customs. In ordered to be fully restored to her throne, she was required to marry another younger brother, who became Ptolemy XIV. He was only 11 years old and app...
On June 23, 47 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to her first son, Caesarion. Also known as Ptolemy Caesar, the child represented a vital connection between Rome and Egypt. In 46 BC, Caesar returned to Rome. Cleopatra, her son and younger brother arrived a year later. Cleopatra fashioned herself as an Egyptian goddess, offending the conservative Republicans...
By successfully defeating Caesar’s enemies, the Roman Mark Antonybecame a powerful leader in Rome. In 41 BC, Antony invited Cleopatra to Tarsus to discuss her aid in his campaign against the Parthian Empire. Through her years of careful planning, Cleopatra knew that Antony was a different man the Caesar. Instead of arriving rolled in a rug asking f...
Cleopatra was born in 69 BC - 68 BC. When her father Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, Cleopatra became co-regent with her 10-year-old brother Ptolemy XIII. They were married, in keeping with...
