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Albert Bruce Sabin (/ ˈ s eɪ b ɪ n / SAY-bin; born Abram Saperstejn; August 26, 1906 – March 3, 1993) was a Polish-American medical researcher, best known for developing the oral polio vaccine, which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease.
Aug 22, 2024 · Albert Bruce Sabin was a Polish American physician and microbiologist best known for developing the oral polio vaccine. He was also known for his research in the fields of human viral diseases, toxoplasmosis, and cancer.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
This is a photograph of Albert Bruce Sabin (1906–1993), the man who made the oral polio vaccine (Figure). Sabin’s name will always be associated with poliomyelitis, a disease that claimed millions of victims in the 20th century, particularly among children.
- Davide Orsini, Mariano Martini
- Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Mar; 28(3): 743-746.
- 10.3201/eid2803.204699
- 2022/03
- Epidemiology
- History
- Early life and education
- Background
- Research
- Preparation
- Early life
- Military service
- Prevention
- Later life
- Influence
In the first half of the 20th century, summer was a dreaded time for children. Although they could enjoy the long days of unfettered play, summer was also known as polio season. Children were among the most susceptible to paralytic poliomyelitis (also known as infantile paralysis), a disease that affects the central nervous system and can result in...
In the early 1950s, 25,000 to 50,000 new cases of polio occurred each year. Jonas Salk (19141995) became a national hero when he allayed the fear of the dreaded disease with his polio vaccine, approved in 1955. Although it was the first polio vaccine, it was not to be the last; Albert Bruce Sabin (19061993) introduced an oral vaccine in the United ...
Jonas Salk was born in New York City, his parents eldest son. His mother was a Russian Jewish immigrant and his father the son of Jewish immigrants. Salk was encouraged throughout his youth to succeed academically. He graduated from high school at the age of 15 and then entered the City College of New York. Although he originally intended to pursue...
In 1951 the National Foundation typing program confirmed that there were three types of poliovirus. By that time Salk was convinced that the same killed-virus principle he had used to develop an influenza vaccine would work for polio. He also believed that it would be less dangerous than a live vaccine: if the vaccine contained only dead virus, the...
Salk developed methods for growing large quantities of the three types of polioviruses on cultures of monkey kidney cells. He then killed the viruses with formaldehyde. When injected into monkeys, the vaccine protected them against paralytic poliomyelitis. In 1952 Salk began testing the vaccine in humans, starting with children who had already been...
In order to conduct these massive trials Salks vaccine needed to be produced on a large scale. Accomplishing this required the assistance of the pharmaceutical industry, and well-known companies like Eli Lilly and Company, Wyeth Laboratories, and Parke, Davis and Company agreed to make the new vaccine.
Sabin was born in 1906 in Bialystok, Russia (now part of Poland). At the age of 15 he emigrated with his family to the United States. After Sabin graduated from high school in Paterson, New Jersey, his uncle agreed to finance his college education, provided that Sabin studied dentistry. After two years preparing for dentistry at New York University...
During World War II, Sabin left his polio research to serve in the U.S. Army Medical Corps. There he investigated other diseases like insect-borne encephalitis and dengue, working on vaccines for both.
Sabins live-virus, oral polio vaccine (administered in drops or on a sugar cube) soon replaced Salks killed-virus, injectable vaccine in many parts of the world. In 1994 the WHO declared that naturally occurring poliovirus had been eradicated from the Western Hemisphere owing to repeated mass immunization campaigns with the Sabin vaccine in Central...
Although he was the first to produce a polio vaccine, Salk did not win the Nobel Prize or become a member of the National Academy of Sciences. An object of public adulation because of his pioneering work, he spent his life trying to avoid the limelight but nevertheless endured the animosity of many of his colleagues who saw him as a publicity hound...
Sabin, too, continued his work and held a series of influential positions at such organizations as the Weizmann Institute of Science, the U.S. National Cancer Institute, and the National Institutes of Health.
Mar 1, 2018 · Medicine and public health lost a luminary 25 years ago with the death of Dr. Albert Sabin, who became a household name for his development of the oral polio vaccine.
May 23, 2018 · Sabin, Albert (1906-1993) Russian American virologist. Albert Sabin developed an oral vaccine for polio that led to the once-dreaded disease's virtual extinction in the Western Hemisphere.
Apr 3, 2012 · Dr. Albert Sabin. Photo: Wikimedia Commons. Albert Bruce Sabin was born to Jewish parents in Poland in 1906 and came to the United States in 1921 when his family, fleeing religious persecution,...
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