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Simply, the Colonial Surplus is a measurement of the benefits in money terms gained by citizens, business and government of the colonising power (metropolis) from the colony. It is a measure of exploitation. It describes and calculates part of the economic relationship between colonising power and colony. The part it describes is revenue to the ...
The labor theory of value ( LTV) is a theory of value that argues that the exchange value of a good or service is determined by the total amount of "socially necessary labor" required to produce it. The contrasting system is typically known as the subjective theory of value . The LTV is usually associated with Marxian economics, although it ...
Welfare economics is a field of economics that applies microeconomic techniques to evaluate the overall well-being (welfare) of a society. This evaluation is typically done at the economy-wide level, [1] and attempts to assess the distribution of resources and opportunities among members of society. The principles of welfare economics are often ...
Artificial controls of demand, such as time (such as waiting in line at queues) and rationing. Non-monetary bargaining methods, such as time (for example queuing ), nepotism, or even violence. Panic buying. Price discrimination. The inability to purchase a product, and subsequent forced saving.
Operating surplus. Operating surplus is an accounting concept used in national accounts statistics (such as United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA)) and in corporate and government accounts. It is the balancing item of the Generation of Income Account in the UNSNA. It may be used in macro-economics as a proxy for total pre-tax profit ...
經濟剩餘（英語： economic surplus ）是用於經濟學的一種概念，可分為消费者盈余、生产者盈余，及兩者加總形成的總盈餘。 消费者剩余 [ 编辑 ] 消费者剩余 （consumer surplus）是指购买者的支付意愿减去购买者的实际支付量。
1990s United States boom. The 1990s economic boom in the United States was a major economic expansion that lasted between 1993 and 2001, coinciding with the economic policies of the Clinton administration. It began following the early 1990s recession during the presidency of George H.W. Bush and ended following the infamous dot-com crash in 2000.
