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Giardiasis is transmitted via the faecal-oral route with the ingestion of cysts. Primary routes are personal contact and contaminated water and food. The cysts can stay infectious for up to three months in cold water. Many people with Giardia infections have no or few symptoms. They may, however, still spread the disease.
Vertebrates such as humans serve as the natural hosts. Transmission routes are fecal-oral and blood. Following ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the epithelium of the oropharynx or intestine. The blood carries the virus to its target, the liver, where it multiplies within hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (liver macrophages). Viral ...
Clostridioides difficile. Clostridioides difficile ( syn. Clostridium difficile) is a bacterium known for causing serious diarrheal infections, and may also cause colon cancer. [4] [5] It is known also as C. difficile, or C. diff ( / siː dɪf / ), and is a Gram-positive species of spore -forming bacteria. [6]
Coxsackievirus. Coxsackieviruses are a few related enteroviruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family of nonenveloped, linear, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, as well as its genus Enterovirus, which also includes poliovirus and echovirus. Enteroviruses are among the most common and important human pathogens, and ordinarily its ...
대변-구강 경로 (大便口腔經路, 영어: fecal-oral route )는 사람의 대변 에 있는 병원체 가 다른 사람의 입 으로 들어가 병을 옮기는 감염 경로 이다. 대변-구강 경로를 통해 병이 퍼지는 주된 이유는 불충분한 위생 시설로 인한 야외 배변과 개인 위생 소홀 따위가 ...
Fecal–oral route. The "F-diagram" ( feces, fingers, flies, fields, fluids, food ), showing pathways of fecal–oral disease transmission. The vertical blue lines show barriers: toilets, safe water, hygiene and handwashing. The fecal–oral route (also called the oral–fecal route or orofecal route) describes a particular route of ...
Polio occurs naturally only in humans. [1] It is highly infectious, and is spread from person to person either through fecal–oral transmission [1] [6] (e.g. poor hygiene, or by ingestion of food or water contaminated by human feces), or via the oral–oral route. [1]
