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John IV of Montfort (in French Jean IV de Montfort) (1295 - September 16 1345), was duke of Brittany, from 1341 to his death. He was son of Duke Arthur II and Yolande de Dreux, countess of Montfort, his second wife. From his mother he became count of Montfort.
Guy IV of Châtillon, Count of Saint Pol ( – 6 April 1317) was a French nobleman. He was the son of Guy III, Count of Saint-Pol and Matilda of Brabant . In 1292, he married Marie of Brittany, daughter of John II, Duke of Brittany and Beatrice of England. They had eight children: John, Count of Saint-Pol (d. 1344), married Joanna, daughter of ...
Retrieved from "https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Family:Guy_IV%2C_Count_of_Saint-Pol_and_Marie_of_Brittany_%281%29"https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Family:Guy_IV%2C_Count_of
- Youth
- Reign
- Foreign Policy and Wars
- Finance and Religion
- Suppression of The Knights Templar
- Tour de Nesle Affair
- Death
- Issue
- In Fiction
- Further Reading
A member of the House of Capet, Philip was born in the medieval fortress of Fontainebleau (Seine-et-Marne) to the future Philip III, the Bold, and his first wife, Isabella of Aragon. He was the second of four sons born to the couple. His father was the heir apparent of France at that time, being the eldest son of King Louis IX(better known as St. L...
After marrying Joan I of Navarre, becoming Philip I of Navarre, Philip ascended the French throne at the age of 17. He was crowned on 6 January, in 1286 in Reims. As king, Philip was determined to strengthen the monarchy at any cost. He relied, more than any of his predecessors, on a professional bureaucracy of legalists. To the public he kept aloo...
War against England
As the Duke of Aquitaine, English King Edward I was a vassal to Philip, and had to pay him homage. Following the Fall of Acrein 1291, however, the former allies started to show dissent. In 1293, following a naval incident between the English and the Normans, Philip summoned Edward to the French court. The English king sought to negotiate the matter via ambassadors sent to Paris, but they were turned away with a blunt refusal. Philip addressed Edward as a Duke, a vassal and nothing more, despi...
War with Flanders
Philip suffered a major embarrassment when an army of 2,500 noble men-at-arms (knights and squires) and 4,000 infantry he sent to suppress an uprising in Flanders was defeated in the Battle of the Golden Spurs near Kortrijk on 11 July 1302. Philip reacted with energy to the humiliation and the Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle followed two years later, which ended in a decisive French victory. Consequently, in 1305, Philip forced the Flemish to accept a harsh peace treaty; the peace exacted heavy repa...
Crusades and diplomacy with Mongols
Philip had various contacts with the Mongol power in the Middle East, including reception at the embassy of the Uyghur monk Rabban Bar Sauma, originally from the Yuan dynasty of China. Bar Sauma presented an offer of a Franco-Mongol alliance with Arghun of the Mongol Ilkhanate in Baghdad. Arghun was seeking to join forces between the Mongols and the Europeans, against their common enemy the Muslim Mamluks. In return, Arghun offered to return Jerusalem to the Christians, once it was re-capture...
Mounting deficits
Under Philip IV, the annual ordinary revenues of the French royal government totaled approximately 860,000 livres tournois, equivalent to 46 tonnes of silver. Overall revenues were about twice the ordinary revenues. Some 30% of the revenues were collected from the royal demesne. The royal financial administration employed perhaps 3,000 people, of which about 1,000 were officials in the proper sense. After assuming the throne, Philip inherited a sizable debt from his father's war against Arago...
Devaluation
In 1294, France went to war against England and in 1297, Flanders declared its independence from France. By 1295, to pay for his constant wars, Philip had no choice but to borrow more and debase the currency by reducing its silver content. This led to the virtual disappearance of silver from France by 1301.Currency depreciation provided the crown with 1.419 million LP from November 1296 to Christmas 1299, more than enough to cover war costs of 1.066 million LP in the same period. The devaluat...
Revaluation
After bringing the Flemish War to a victorious conclusion in 1305, Philip on 8 June 1306 ordered the silver content of new coinage to be raised back to its 1285 level of 3.96 grams of silver per livre. To harmonize the strength of the old and new currencies, the debased coinage of 1303 was devalued accordingly by two-thirds. The debtors were driven to penury by the need to repay their loans in the new, strong currency.This led to rioting in Paris on 30 December 1306, forcing Philip to briefly...
Philip was substantially in debt to the Knights Templar, a monastic military order whose original role as protectors of Christian pilgrims in the Latin East had been largely replaced by banking and other commercial activities by the end of the 13th century. As the popularity of the Crusades had decreased, support for the military orders had waned, ...
In 1314, the daughters-in-law of Philip IV, Margaret of Burgundy (wife of Louis X) and Blanche of Burgundy (wife of Charles IV) were accused of adultery, and their alleged lovers (Phillipe d'Aunay and Gauthier d'Aunay) tortured, flayed and executed in what has come to be known as the Tour de Nesle affair (French: Affaire de la tour de Nesle). A thi...
Philip IV's rule signaled the decline of the papacy's power from its near complete authority. His palace located on the Île de la Cité is represented today by surviving sections of the Conciergerie. He suffered a cerebral stroke during a hunt at Pont-Sainte-Maxence (Forest of Halatte), and died a few weeks later, on 29 November 1314, at Fontaineble...
The children of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarrewere: 1. Margaret (ca. 1288, Paris – after November 1294, Paris). Died in childhood, but betrothed in November 1294 (aged six) to Infante Ferdinand of Castile, later Ferdinand IV of Castile. 2. Louis X(4 October 1289 – 5 June 1316) 3. Blanche (1290, Paris – after 13 April 1294, Saint Denis). ...
Dante Alighieri often refers to Philip in La Divina Commedia, never by name but as the "mal di Francia" (plague of France). Philip is the title character in Le Roi de fer (The Iron King), the 1955 first novel in Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon. The six following volumes in the series foll...
Chisholm, H., ed. (1911). [https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica%2FPhilip_IV.%2C_king_of_France "Philip IV (1268–1314)" ] Check |ws link in chapter= value (help...Goyau, G. (1911). "Philip IV (the Fair)". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)Rothbard, M. "The Great Depression of the 14th Century". Archived from the original on 27 November 2009.Schein, S. (1 October 1979). "Gesta Dei per Mongolos 1300. The genesis of a non‐event". The English Historical Review. 94 (373): 805–819. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXXIII.805. JSTOR 565554.Jul 31, 2015 · Synopsis: Henry IV, Part 1, culminates in the battle of Shrewsbury between the king’s army and rebels seeking his crown. The dispute begins when Hotspur, the son of Northumberland, breaks with the king over the fate of his brother-in-law, Mortimer, a Welsh prisoner. Hotspur, Northumberland, and Hotspur’s uncle Worcester plan to take the ...
Conan IV _____, Duke of Brittany. b. Abt 1132. d. 20 Feb 1171
