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'The Luminous City', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [al.maˈdiːna al.mʊˈnawːara]) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (المدينة, al-Madina), is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. It is one of the oldest and most important places in Islamic history.
- 620 m (2,030 ft)
- Muhammad
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Medina, city located in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, about 100 miles (160 km) inland from the Red Sea and 275 miles (445 km) from Mecca by road. It is the second holiest city in Islam, after Mecca.
Medina is celebrated as the place from which Muhammad established the Muslim community (ummah) after his flight from Mecca (622 ce) and is where his body is entombed. A pilgrimage is made to his tomb in the city’s chief mosque. Pop. (2010) 1,100,093.
The residents of Medina are Arabic-speaking Muslims, most of whom belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. The city is one of the most populous in Saudi Arabia, and it is common for Muslims who make the pilgrimage to settle in the city. Farming and pottery making are important occupations.
The earliest history of Medina is obscure, though it is known that there were Jewish settlers there in pre-Christian times. But the main influx of Jews would seem to have taken place as the result of their expulsion from Palestine by the Roman emperor Hadrian about 135 ce. It is probable that the Arab tribes of Aws and Khazraj were then in occupation of the oasis, but the Jews were the dominant factor in the population and development of the area by 400 ce. In that year Abu Karib Asʿad, the Sabaean king of Yemen, visited the colony and imbibed the lore and teaching of the Jewish rabbis with the result that he adopted the religion of the Jews and made it the state religion of Yemen on his return, in supersession of the local paganism.
On September 20, 622, the arrival of the Prophet Muhammad at Medina, in flight from Mecca, introduced a new chapter into the history of the oasis. This flight (hijrah; sometimes transliterated Hegira) marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. Soon thereafter the Jews, at first treated with indulgence, were driven out of all their settlements in Hejaz. Medina became the administrative capital of the steadily expanding Islamic state, a position it maintained until 661, when it was superseded in that role by Damascus, the capital of the Umayyad caliphs.
After the caliph’s sack of the city in 683 for its fractiousness, the native emirs enjoyed a fluctuating measure of independence, interrupted by the aggressions of the sharifs of Mecca or controlled by the intermittent Egyptian protectorate.
The Turks, following their conquest of Egypt, held Medina after 1517 with a firmer hand, but their rule weakened and was almost nominal long before the Wahhābīs, an Islamic puritanical group, first took the city in 1804. A Turko-Egyptian force retook it in 1812, and the Turks remained in effective control until the revival of the Wahhābī movement under Ibn Saud after 1912. Between 1904 and 1908 the Turks built the Hejaz railroad to Medina from Damascus in an attempt at strengthening the empire and ensuring Ottoman control over the hajj, the obligatory Muslim pilgrimage to the nearby holy city of Mecca. Turkish rule ceased during World War I, when Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, the sharif of Mecca, revolted and put the railroad out of commission, with the assistance of the British officer T.E. Lawrence (“Lawrence of Arabia”). Ḥusayn later came into conflict with Ibn Saud, and in 1925 the city fell to the Saʿūd dynasty.
Medina ( Arabic: المدينة, Madinah ), officially known as Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah ( Arabic: المدينة المنورة, al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah ), is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. Commonly referred to as the "cradle of Islamic culture and civilisation", it is Islam's second holiest city.
- Masjid Al Nabawi: The Most Important Place in Madinah. Also known as the Prophet Mosque, Masjid Al Nabawi stands as a testament to the deep-rooted spirituality of Madinah.
- Quba Mosque: The Oasis of Faith. Nestled on the outskirts of Madinah, the Quba Mosque, also known as Masjid Quba’, stands as an oasis of faith and a beacon of tranquility in the Arabian desert.
- Qiblatain Mosque: The Mosque of the Two Qiblas. The Qiblatain Mosque, or Masjid Qiblatain, is another place of religious significance located in the vibrant city of Madinah.
- Masjid Abu Bakr: A Tribute to a Pious Companion. Named after Abu Bakr, the first Caliph and the closest companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), this mosque is one of the most notable sites Madinah has to offer.
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Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. It is one of the oldest and most important places in Islamic history.
A city in the Medina region. Highlights. About Al-Madinah. Accommodations. Top Attractions. Shopping. Restaurants and Cafes. Experiences. Around Al-Madinah. Share your feedback. In Madinah, you will be standing among thousands of archaeological landmarks, historical sites and a great Islamic heritage.
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