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Theory. A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The process of contemplative and rational thinking is often associated with such processes as observational study or research. Theories may be scientific, belong to a non-scientific discipline, or no discipline at all.
Gauss's lemma (number theory) Gauss's lemma in number theory gives a condition for an integer to be a quadratic residue. Although it is not useful computationally, it has theoretical significance, being involved in some proofs of quadratic reciprocity . It made its first appearance in Carl Friedrich Gauss 's third proof (1808) [1] : 458–462 ...
Number theory. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Number theory. Traditionally, number theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of integers and many of its open problems are easily understood even by non-mathematicians. More generally, the field has come to be concerned with a wider class of problems that arise ...
Shimura's reciprocity law. Siegel–Weil formula. Siegel's theorem on integral points. Six exponentials theorem. Skolem–Mahler–Lech theorem. Sophie Germain's theorem. Størmer's theorem. Subspace theorem. Sum of two squares theorem.
Additive number theory. Additive number theory is the subfield of number theory concerning the study of subsets of integers and their behavior under addition. More abstractly, the field of additive number theory includes the study of abelian groups and commutative semigroups with an operation of addition. Additive number theory has close ties ...
In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how these strings propagate through space and interact with each other. On distance scales larger than the string scale, a string looks just like an ordinary ...
A natural number can be used to express the size of a finite set; more precisely, a cardinal number is a measure for the size of a set, which is even suitable for infinite sets. The numbering of cardinals usually begins at zero, to accommodate the empty set. ∅ {\displaystyle \emptyset }
