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Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 – 3 September 1658) was an English statesman, politician, and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of the British Isles.
- Soldier and statesman
- Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
- pre-1642 (militia service), 1642–1651 (civil war)
- Robert Cromwell (father), Elizabeth Steward (mother)
- Cromwell’s Early Life
- Health and Financial Woes
- Military Career
- Second English Civil War
- Pride's Purge
- Cromwell in Ireland
- Cromwell’s Rise to Power
- How Did Oliver Cromwell Die?
- Sources
Cromwell was born in 1599 in Huntingdon, near Cambridge, in England. The Cromwells had been a wealthy family for generations, and were part of the landed gentry in the region. He was descended on his father’s side from Thomas Cromwell, a minister of King Henry VIII. Like most children born in the country at the time, Cromwell was baptized in the Ch...
Cromwell was first elected to Parliament, representing Huntingdon, in 1628. Though this marked the start of his political career, his success in the halls of power was not matched in other aspects of his life. In 1631, for example, Cromwell was forced to sell much of his land holdings in Huntingdon following a dispute with local officials. In addit...
Charles I may have reconvened Parliament, but his commonwealth remained a fragile state. In 1642, an armed conflict began between troops loyal to Parliament — the New Model Army — against those allied with the monarchy. This was known as the English Civil War, and it was during this time that Cromwell’s career as a military leader was born. Cromwel...
Cromwell was among the lead negotiators for the Parliamentarians as they attempted to work out a settlement with Royalists loyal to the monarch. When those talks collapsed, fighting between the two sides resumed in 1648, and the Second English Civil War began. Cromwell travelled to Scotland to lead troops against forces there loyal to the king. At ...
By the end of 1648, the Parliamentarians had won a decisive victory in the Second English Civil War. After Pride's Purge, in which troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride arrested those in Parliament still loyal to the monarch, the chamber was reconvened with a membership that was decidedly anti-monarch. In the aftermath of the purge, the ...
Cromwell led the invasion of Ireland, landing in Dublin on August 15, 1649, and his forces soon took the ports of Drogheda and Wexford. At Drogheda, Cromwell’s men killed some 3,500 people, including 2,700 Royalist soldiers as well as hundreds of civilians and Catholic priests. His troops killed an estimated 1,500 civilians at Wexford, which they a...
Cromwell returned to England in 1650 after the Scots proclaimed as king Charles II, son of Charles I. Cromwell would lead a subsequent military campaign against the Scots, including a decisive victory at the Scottish city of Dundee. With the Scots defeated, Parliament re-formed in 1651. Cromwell sought to push the legislative body to call for new e...
Cromwell died from kidney disease or a urinary tract infection in 1658 at age 59 while still serving as Lord Protector. His son Richard Cromwell assumed the post, but was forced to resign due to a lack of support within Parliament or the military. In the leadership vacuum that ensued, George Monck assumed control of the New Model Army and spearhead...
The Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, Volume 1. Cromwell’s Legacy. Reviews in History. Mulraney, Frances. “Oliver Cromwell’s war crimes, the Massacre of Drogheda in 1649.” Irish Central. Oliver Cromwell, BBC. Headless story. The Economist. Oliver Cromwell and Family. Westminster Abbey. Kennedy, M. (2009). “Oliver Cromwell's grave comes back ...
3 days ago · Oliver Cromwell, English soldier and statesman, who led parliamentary forces in the English Civil Wars and was lord protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1653–58) during the republican Commonwealth. Learn more about the life and accomplishments of Cromwell in this article.
- What was Oliver Cromwell’s family like?The son of Robert Cromwell—a member of one of Queen Elizabeth I’s parliaments, a landlord, and a justice of the peace—Oliver Cromwell also was desc...
- What were Oliver Cromwell’s beliefs?In religious matters, Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan, believed that individual Christians could establish direct contact with God through prayer and th...
- What did Oliver Cromwell accomplish?As one of the generals on the parliamentary side in the English Civil Wars (1642–51) against Charles I, Oliver Cromwell helped overthrow the Stuart...
- How did Oliver Cromwell influence others?Oliver Cromwell’s victories at home and abroad helped to enlarge and sustain a Puritan attitude of mind in Great Britain and North America that lon...
Feb 2, 2022 · Oliver Cromwell led the Puritan faction of the English Parliament. He was also a cavalry commander and then commander-in-chief of Parliament's New Model Army. After the English Civil War he led the country as Lord Protector.
- Mark Cartwright
- What is Oliver Cromwell best known for?Oliver Cromwell was Lord Protector or military dictator of England and Ireland after the English Civil Wars. Parliament, under his authority, execu...
- Was Oliver Cromwell a good guy?Oliver Cromwell was popular with some people and unpopular with others. A committed Puritan and ruthless military commander, he believed God wanted...
- Who banned Christmas in England?The Puritan Oliver Cromwell, who was Lord Protector, banned the celebration of Christmas in England in the 1650s. It was a very unpopular move but...
Feb 17, 2011 · Oliver Cromwell was a key figure in the English civil war and the leader of the New Model Army. He played a leading role in bringing Charles I to trial and execution, conquering the royalist armies, and championing religious freedom. He was also a controversial public figure who faced criticism and accusations of tyranny and incompetence.
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, was executed on 30th January 1661 – two and half years AFTER his death… Early life. Oliver Cromwell was born in Huntingdon, a small town near Cambridge, on 25 April 1599 to Robert Cromwell and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of William Steward.
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Oliver Cromwell, (born April 25, 1599, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, Eng.—died Sept. 3, 1658, London), English soldier and statesman, lord protector of the republican Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1653–58). He was elected to Parliament in 1628, but Charles I dissolved that Parliament in 1629 and did not call another for 11 years.
