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- 1 Chemical Pulping
- 2 Mechanical Pulping
- 3 Semi-Chemical Pulping
- 4 Secondary Fibre Pulping
- 5 Dissolving Kraft and Sulphite Pulping Processes
- 6 Non-Wood Pulping
Chemical pulping (i.e., kraft, soda, and sulphite) involves “cooking” of raw materials (example, wood chips) using aqueous chemical solutions and elevated temperature and pressure to extract pulp fibres. Chemical pulps are made by cooking the raw materials, using the kraft (sulphate) and sulphite processes (Casey 1983a). Kraft pulping is by far the...
There are three main categories of mechanical pulp: groundwood pulp, refining pulp, and chemi-mechanical pulp. In both the grinding and refining processes, the temperature is increased to soften the lignin. This breaks the bonds between the fibres (Gullichsen 2000; Casey 1983b). Groundwood pulp shows favorable properties with respect to brightness ...
Semi-chemical pulping uses a combination of chemical and mechanical (i.e., grinding) energy to extract pulp fibres. Wood chips first are partially softened in a digester with chemicals, steam, and heat. Once chips are softened, mechanical methods complete the pulping process. The pulp is washed after digestion to remove cooking liquor chemicals and...
Recovered paper has become an increasingly important source of fibre for papermaking (Bajpai 2013). Currently, nearly 50 % of the fibre raw material for papermaking is based on recycled fibre. In the recycling process, recycled paper or paperboard is rewetted and reduced to pulp, principally by mechanical means. Inks, adhesives, and other contamina...
Dissolving kraft and sulphite pulping processes are used to produce highly bleached and purified wood pulp suitable for conversion into products such as rayon, viscose, acetate, and cellophane (EPA 2002).
Worldwide, non-wood sources make up about 6 % of the total fibre supply for papermaking. Non-wood fibres are derived from agricultural fibres such as straw and other plant fibres such as bamboo, bagasse, and annual fibre crops such as kenaf (Ince 2004). In general, non-wood plant fibres are more costly to collect and process than wood fibre in regi...
- Pratima Bajpai
- 2015
Paper is made through the following processes: 1) Pulping procedure will be done to separate and clean the fibers. 2) Refining procedure will be followed after pulping processes. 3) Dilution process to form a thin fiber mixture. 4) Formation of fibers on a thin screened. 5) Pressurization to enhance the materials density.
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- International Paper. Revenue: $21.16 Billion. Location: Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Retaining its global prominence in the paper sector, International Paper remains at the forefront of the industry and the top of our list.
- WestRock. Revenue: $21.3 Billion. Location: Atlanta, Georgia, United States. WestRock celebrated a remarkable fiscal year in 2022, characterised by record financial achievements and successful navigation of shifting global conditions – it was a close second to our #1!
- Smurfit Kappa Group. Revenue: $13.7 Billion. Location: Dublin, Ireland. Smurfit Kappa, a leading European packaging company, experienced a successful 2022, with a 27% revenue increase to $13.7 billion.
- UPM. Revenue: $12.5 Billion. Location: Helsinki, Finland. UPM, a global industry leader in renewable and recyclable materials, reported a remarkable 2022 with a 19% rise in revenue to $12.5 billion.
The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood, specifically pulpwood, as raw material and produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based products. Diagram showing the sections of the Fourdrinier machine
Aug 7, 2019 · The paper and forest-products industry has much to gain from embracing digital manufacturing: according to our estimates, this could reduce the total cost base of a producer by as much as 15 percent. New applications such as forestry monitoring using drones or remote mill automation present tremendous opportunities for increased efficiency and ...
Paper manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials, such as wood fiber, recycled fiber, and other materials, into paper products. The process involves a series of mechanical, chemical, and other treatments that transform the raw materials into pulp, which is then formed into continuous sheets of paper.
Read a step-by-step guide to our recycled fibre papermaking process, including how paper is dried, the paper winding process and pulp preparation. You can also watch our video below. Step 1: Our pulp and paper process
