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Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius ( German pronunciation: [ˈʁuːdɔlf ˈklaʊ̯zi̯ʊs]; [1] [2] 2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics. [3] By his restatement of Sadi Carnot 's principle known as the Carnot cycle, he gave ...
Rudolf Clausius was a German mathematical physicist who formulated the second law of thermodynamics and is credited with making thermodynamics a science. Clausius was appointed professor of physics at the Artillery and Engineering School at Berlin in 1850, the same year in which he presented a
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Rudolf Clausius's father, Rev C E G Clausius, was a Councillor of the Royal Government School Board. He founded a small private school, becoming its Principal, and as a minister of the church he also served as its pastor. Rudolf was brought up in a large family, being the sixth of his father's sons.
- Thermodynamics
- Kinetic Theory of Gases
- Free Ions and Electrolysis
- Entropy
- Dispute with Boltzmann
- Later Work
- Legacy
Clausius became professor of physics at the Royal Artillery and Engineering School in Berlin in 1850, and privatdozent at the University of Berlin. His most famous paper, On the Moving Force of Heat and the Laws of Heat Which May be Deduced Therefrom, was published in 1850, and dealt with the laws governing the relationship between heat and mechani...
In 1857, Clausius contributed to the field of kinetic theory of gases, which is based on the assumption that a gas consists of small particles in rapid motion. These particles are usually interpreted as being the same as the chemical molecules of the particular gas under consideration. Clausius refined August Krönig's very simple gas-kinetic model ...
In 1857, the same year Clausius was expounding his treatment of the kinetic theory of gases, he also hit upon a prophetic observation regarding the mechanism behind electrolysis. Clausius noted that electrolysis occurs at the slightest imposition of a voltage between the two poles of an electrolytic apparatus. It had already been proposed that, at ...
In 1864, Clausius published a version of his collected papers, and a year later, introduced the word entropyinto the lexicon of physicists, it being a quantity purely mathematical in character, but which is generally found to increase in any process involving heat transfer and the accompanying production of motive power. Clausius chose the word "en...
At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, he organized an ambulance corps, and was wounded in battle. This left him with a lasting disability. He was awarded the Iron Cross for his services. A year later, after returning to his research, he formulated a demonstration of the dynamical principles behind the second law of thermodynamics in a...
In his treatment of the molecular explanation of the second law, Clausius announced the virial theorem,which states that the average kinetic energy of a system of molecules over time is simply related to the average potential energy of the system. This theorem found applications beyond the kinetic theory of gases, and is often applied in astronomic...
Clausius was the first to clearly state the first and second laws of thermodynamics. He later pioneered the use of rudimentary statistics in an attempt to show how these laws can be explained by the kinetic theory of gases. His initial efforts in this direction were quickly overtaken by scientists who were perhaps better able to apply complex mathe...
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Jan 2, 2020 · Rudolf Clausius (1822 – 1888) On January 2, 1822, German physicist and mathematician Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius was born. He is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics, who introduced the concept of entropy in 1865. “If for the entire universe we conceive the same magnitude to be determined, consistently ...
May 29, 2018 · Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius. The German physicist Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (1822-1888) was one of the chief architects of thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases. Born on Jan. 2, 1822, in Köslin, Pomerania, R. J. E. Clausius was the sixth son of the 18 children of the Reverend C. E. G. Clausius, a Lutheran pastor and councilor ...
Dec 11, 2022 · Rudolph Clausius is well known as a pioneer of the mechanical theory of heat (1857) and as the creator of the concept of entropy (1865). Oftentimes, he is also called the discoverer of the second law of thermodynamics although some argue that this law was already established by Sadi Carnot in 1824 (while still based on the caloric theory).
