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Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; [1] February 9, 1737 [ O.S. January 29, 1736] [Note 1] – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American Founding Father, French Revolutionary, political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary. [2] [3] He authored Common Sense (1776) and The American Crisis (1776–1783), two of the most ...
- June 8, 1809 (aged 72), Greenwich Village, New York City, U.S.
- Overview
- Life in England and America
Thomas Paine was an English-American writer and political pamphleteer. His Common Sense pamphlet and Crisis papers were important influences on the American Revolution.
What motivated Thomas Paine to write Common Sense?
Thomas Paine arrived in the American colonies in 1774, as the conflict between aggrieved colonists and Britain was reaching its height. After the Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775, Paine argued that the colonists’ cause should be not just a revolt against taxation but a demand for independence. He put this idea into Common Sense.
When was Thomas Paine born?
English-American writer and political pamphleteer Thomas Paine was born on January 29, 1737, in Thetford, Norfolk, England.
Where did Thomas Paine die?
Paine was born of a Quaker father and an Anglican mother. His formal education was meagre, just enough to enable him to master reading, writing, and arithmetic. At 13 he began work with his father as a corset maker and then tried various other occupations unsuccessfully, finally becoming an officer of the excise. His duties were to hunt for smugglers and collect the excise taxes on liquor and tobacco. The pay was insufficient to cover living costs, but he used part of his earnings to purchase books and scientific apparatus.
Paine’s life in England was marked by repeated failures. He had two brief marriages. He was unsuccessful or unhappy in every job he tried. He was dismissed from the excise office after he published a strong argument in 1772 for a raise in pay as the only way to end corruption in the service. Just when his situation appeared hopeless, he met Benjamin Franklin in London, who advised him to seek his fortune in America and gave him letters of introduction (including one to Franklin’s son-in-law, Richard Bache).
Paine arrived in Philadelphia on November 30, 1774. Bache introduced him to Robert Aitkin, whose Pennsylvania Magazine Paine helped found and edit for 18 months. In addition Paine published numerous articles and some poetry, anonymously or under pseudonyms. One such article was “African Slavery in America,” a scathing denunciation of the African slave trade, which he signed “Justice and Humanity.”
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Understanding the American Revolution
Paine had arrived in America when the conflict between the colonists and England was reaching its height. After blood was spilled at the Battles of Lexington and Concord, April 19, 1775, Paine argued that the cause of America should be not just a revolt against taxation but a demand for independence. He put this idea into Common Sense, which came off the press on January 10, 1776. The 50-page pamphlet sold more than 500,000 copies within a few months. More than any other single publication, Common Sense paved the way for the Declaration of Independence, unanimously ratified on July 4, 1776.
Nov 9, 2009 · Learn about Thomas Paine, the English-born writer and philosopher who supported American and French revolutions with his pamphlets and books. Explore his life, achievements, challenges and legacy in this comprehensive article.
Apr 2, 2014 · Learn about Thomas Paine, the English American writer and pamphleteer who influenced the American Revolution and the French Revolution with his essays and pamphlets. Find out about his life, his famous works such as "Common Sense" and "Rights of Man", and his death and legacy.
Jul 18, 2013 · Thomas Paine was a pamphleteer, controversialist and international revolutionary. His Common Sense (1776) was a central text behind the call for American independence from Britain; his Rights of Man (1791–2) was the most widely read pamphlet in the movement for reform in Britain in the 1790s and for the opening decades of the nineteenth century; he was active in the French Revolution and was ...
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Dec 27, 2023 · Definition. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) was an Anglo-American Enlightenment thinker whose radical ideas were taken up by revolutionaries in both the American Revolution (1765-1783) and the French Revolution (1789-1799). A Founding Father through his influence on the U.S. Declaration of Independence, Paine's most famous works include Common Sense ...
Jun 28, 2021 · Learn how Paine's 47-page pamphlet inspired colonial Americans to declare independence from Britain in 1776. Explore his arguments for government by the people, republicanism and American exceptionalism.
