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Vertebrates ( / ˈvɜːrtəbrɪts, - ˌbreɪts /) are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone inside their body. The major groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Invertebrates don't have a backbone. They either have a...
Apr 11, 2024 · Evolution and paleontology. The knowledge of vertebrates as revealed by fossils has grown rapidly during the past few decades, but there is much still to be discovered. The ancestral vertebrate (protovertebrate) has been sought for more than 100 years, and the likelihood of finding it today is not much greater than in the past.
