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3 days ago · The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the modern period. The Italian Leonardo Bruni (d. 1444) was the first historian to use tripartite periodisation in 1442, [4] and it became standard with the German historian Christoph Cellarius (d. 1707).
3 days ago · Historian Judith Herrin has noted that “Byzantine craftsmen adapted ancient techniques to new ends.”. Indeed, Byzantine architects, artisans, and engineers brought the Greco-Roman architecture of antiquity into the Middle Ages. The enduring symbol of this architectural style is the Hagia Sophia.
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3 days ago · Pyramids of Giza, three 4th-dynasty (c. 2575–c. 2465 BCE) pyramids erected on the west bank of the Nile River near Al-Jizah (Giza), northern Egypt. In ancient times they were included among the Seven Wonders of the World. Learn more about the Pyramids of Giza in this article.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
3 days ago · Istanbul, largest city and principal seaport of Turkey. Historically known as Byzantium and then Constantinople, it was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul straddles the Bosporus strait, one of two waterways that separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey.
- Blake Ehrlich
4 days ago · They are divided into three sections: ‘Byzantium and the Other’ (three essays); ‘Byzantium and the Crusades’ (four); and ‘Long distance trade and relations (seven).
4 days ago · The term "late Middle Ages" refers to one of the three periods of the Middle Ages, along with the early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People (1442).
4 days ago · The fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 has always interested historians. It has produced one undoubted classic in the shape of Sir Steven Runciman’s The Fall of Constantinople 1453. (1) It was the tragic climax of the history of the Byzantine Empire, which provided some consolation for the humiliation of its decline, reduced as it ...
