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Napoleonic Wars - France, Northern Europe, 1809-12: Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicated in March 1809. His uncle, who succeeded him as Charles XIII, made peace with Russia by the treaty of Fredrikshamn of September 17, ceding Finland. Sweden next made peace with France by the treaty of Paris of January 6, 1810, and joined the Continental System (officially at least). When Bernadotte was chosen ...
In a series of wars between 1792 and 1815, France fought shifting alliances of other European powers, briefly achieving dominance in Europe. The wars were driven by several motivations. These revolutionary wars were fought to defend— and then to spread—the effects of the French Revolution. France’s aims in war after the rise of Napoleon ...
