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1340 adalah tahun kabisat yang diawali hari Sabtu dalam kalender Julian, tahun ke-1340 dalam sebutan Masehi (CE) dan Anno Domini (AD), tahun ke-340 pada Milenium ke-2, tahun ke-40 pada Abad ke-14, dan tahun ke- 1 pada dekade 1340-an.
Los años 1340 o década del 1340 fue una década que comenzó el 1 de enero de 1340 y finalizó el 31 de diciembre de 1349. Acontecimientos. Clemente VI sucede a Benedicto XII como papa en el año 1342. Batalla de Estepona; Pedro el Ceremonioso arrebata Menorca a Jaime III rey de Mallorca. Enlaces externos
- Political Developments
- Society and Economy
- Culture, Religion and Philosophy
War and decline in Western Europe
In Europe, the decade continued the period of gradual economic decline, which followed the end of the Medieval Warm Period and the start of the Little Ice Age in the 1300s. This secular decline, often mistitled a "depression", affected most of Western Europe, with the exception of a few Italian city-states. It was the result of factors which had begun earlier in the century, the main cause being the breaking of the balance between Church and state. The more dominant state increasingly interfe...
Central Europe
In the Holy Roman Empire, Ludwig the Bavarian was in conflict with the Avignon Papacy. Pope Clement VI influenced the German Prince-electors to elect Charles of Moravia as rival king to Ludwig. He was crowned in 1346 in Bonn. After the death of Emperor Ludwig in September 1347, Charles IV was recognised as King of Germanyby all of the German princes. In 1341, Margarete Maultasch, Countess of County of Tyrol, had expelled her husband John Henry of Bohemia. She then married Louis of Bavaria, a...
Northern Europe
In 1340, a German law-code was drawn up by the Teutonic Knights for their long-settled Prussian district of Pomesania. The code defined two categories of people: the unfree, who came under peasant law (Gebauersrecht) and were consigned to the jurisdiction of their lords; and the freedmen. The latter group included peasants who had the right to demand trial by the written code and could not be sentenced to death in private courts. However, an appendix to the law-code also made it clear that th...
Economic collapse and crisis
To finance the continuing wars of the 1340s, Edward III of England granted to a small group of merchants a monopoly on the export of wool. In return, they agreed to collect the "poundage", or wool tax, on his behalf. This included a tariff on the import of woolen cloth, which put out of business the Italian and foreign merchants that had dominated the wool export trade.The monopoly merchants went bankrupt in the following decade. Edward also introduced three new gold coins in 1344: the florin...
Social unrest
The situation in the towns remained delicate: while on one hand the trades were dominant, and Villani counted no fewer than 200 textile workshops in Florence around 1340, working conditions and entry restrictions imposed by the guilds created tensions with the unemployed and unskilled labourers. Strikes or grèves occurred in Ghent in 1337–1345 and in Florence in 1346. In 1349–1350, the fullers and weavers of Ghent and Liège massacred each other. The failures in the food supply in the regions...
The Black Plague
In 1340, the total population of Europe was 54 million; by 1450, it would be 37 million, a 31% drop in only a century. In addition to the earlier social and economic decline, the Black Plague is identified as the superficial cause, which struck Europe and wiped out a full third of the population in short space of 1348–1350. It has been described as "a pandemic of plagues such as the world had not seen since the sixth century and was not destined to see again till the 1890s." It was actually t...
Architecture
A number of European building projects were completed in the 1340s, mainly consisting of cathedrals and universities. In 's-Hertogenbosch, construction was finished on the Romanesque church begun in 1220, which was later rebuilt as the 16th century St. John's Cathedral. In the German city of Mainz, work was completed on the Collegiate Church of St. Stephan, begun in 1267. In Naples, three decades of work were finished on the monastery of Santa Chiara. The High Gothic choir of St. Stephen's Ca...
Art
In religious art, a series of stained glass windows were completed for the choir clerestory of Évreux Cathedral in Normandy c. 1340. Stained glass was also completed for the former Königsfelden Abbey in Switzerland, around the same time. The possibilities of Giotto's art were developed further in this decade by his pupils Maso di Banco and Bernardo Daddi. Significant of their works is Pope Sylvester Tames the Dragon, painted in 1340 by di Banco for the Church of Santa Croce in Florence. An il...
Literature
In 1341, Petrarchwas crowned poet laureate in Rome, the first man since antiquity to be given this honor. 1. Codex Manesse, completed 1340 2. Michael of Northgate (Ayenbite of Inwyt, 1340) 3. Giovanni Boccaccio (works) 4. Petrarch (Africa, 1343) 5. Geoffrey Chaucer(born 1343) 6. Perceforest, completed 1344
La historia de Indonesia es la historia del territorio que actualmente cubre la República de Indonesia, que nació el 17 de agosto de 1945 con la proclamación de la independencia de las Indias Orientales Neerlandesas por Sukarno y Muhammad Hatta .
Categoría. : Años 1340. Temas, acontecimientos y noticias relacionados con la década de los años 1340 . Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre los años 1340.
1340-an. 1340-an Masehi adalah dasawarsa pada Milenium ke-2 dan Abad ke-14 yang dimulai dari tanggal 1 Januari 1340 hingga tanggal 31 Desember 1349 .
Media in category "1340s". The following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. Blackdeath2.gif 450 × 422; 17 KB. Bubonic plague-pt.svg 696 × 790; 590 KB. Estrecho arabe.jpg 1,000 × 926; 221 KB. Pestilence spreading 1347-1351 europe.png 1,280 × 1,387; 350 KB.
