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Nicomedia. A celebrated city of Bithynia, built by King Nicomedes I. (B.C. 264), at the northeastern corner of the Sinus Astacenus. Under the Romans it was a colony, and a favourite residence of several of the later emperors, especially of Diocletian and Constantine the Great.
Founded in the 4th century BCE, the city rose to prominence as the capital of the Kingdom of Bithynia and later as the eastern capital of the Roman Empire under Diocletian. The archaeological remains of Nicomedia, including its city walls, public buildings, imperial residences, and religious sites, provide valuable insights into its history and ...
Big lake in the hinterland, connected to the river Sangarius ("famous for its large quantities of fish note [Livy, History of Rome since its Foundation 38.18.8.] ) and the interior. Destroyed by Lysimachus. 264 BCE: Rebuilt by Nicomedes I of Bithynia.
There were highways leading from Nicomedia and Nicea to Dorylaeum and to Angora (see Ramsay, Historical Geography of Asia Minor, and The Church in the Roman Empire before A.D. 170). Under Rome the Black Sea littoral as far as Amisus was more or less closely joined with Bithynia in administration.
The painted marble reliefs of Nicomedia, excavated in the Çukurbağ neighbourhood of İzmit, are the best-preserved examples of polychrome relief sculpture in Roman art, and they represent Nicomedia when it was arguably the most powerful city in the Roman empire, the favourite city of Diocletian.
A map of Asia Minor in 89 BC at the start of the First Mithridatic War. Bithynia, dark red, is shown as a client kingdom of Rome, light red. Pontus is shown in dark green. Relations between Bithynia and Rome soured during the reign of Nicomedes II's son and successor Nicomedes III over the influence over the central Anatolian kingdom of Cappadocia.
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Ancient Nicomedia, the most important capital of the eastern Roman empire during the Tetrarchy, now lies below the modern industrial city of İzmit.
