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Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [2] . To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance. [2]
Toksiciteti. Shenja e kafkës dhe kockave të kryqëzuara është një simbol i njohur për helmin. Toksiciteti është shkalla në të cilën një substancë kimike ose një përzierje e caktuar substancash mund të dëmtojë një organizëm. [1] .
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- Etymology
- History
- Types
- Measuring
- Classification
- Factors Influencing Toxicity
- Alternatives to Dose-Response Framework
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In Ancient Greek medical literature, the adjective τoξικόν (meaning "toxic") was used to describe substances which had the ability of "causing death or serious debilitation or exhibiting symptoms of infection." The word draws its origins from the Greek noun τόξον toxon (meaning "arc"), in reference to the use of bows and poisoned arrowsas weapons. ...
Humans have a deeply rooted history of not only being aware of toxicity, but also taking advantage of it as a tool. Archaeologists studying bone arrows from caves of Southern Africa have noted the likelihood that some aging 72,000 to 80,000 years old were dipped in specially prepared poisons to increase their lethality. Although scientific instrume...
There are generally five types of toxicities: chemical, biological, physical, radioactive and behavioural. Disease-causing microorganisms and parasites are toxic in a broad sense but are generally called pathogens rather than toxicants. The biological toxicity of pathogens can be difficult to measure because the threshold dose may be a single organ...
Toxicity can be measured by its effects on the target (organism, organ, tissue or cell). Because individuals typically have different levels of response to the same dose of a toxic substance, a population-level measure of toxicity is often used which relates the probabilities of an outcome for a given individual in a population. One such measure is...
For substances to be regulated and handled appropriately they must be properly classified and labelled. Classification is determined by approved testing measures or calculations and has determined cut-off levels set by governments and scientists (for example, no-observed-adverse-effect levels, threshold limit values, and tolerable daily intake leve...
Toxicity of a substance can be affected by many different factors, such as the pathway of administration (whether the toxicant is applied to the skin, ingested, inhaled, injected), the time of exposure (a brief encounter or long term), the number of exposures (a single dose or multiple doses over time), the physical form of the toxicant (solid, liq...
Considering the limitations of the dose-response concept, a novel Abstract Drug Toxicity Index (DTI) has been proposed recently.DTI redefines drug toxicity, identifies hepatotoxic drugs, gives mechanistic insights, predicts clinical outcomes and has potential as a screening tool.
Whole Effluent, Aquatic Toxicity Testing FAQ Archived 2021-04-14 at the Wayback MachineTOXMAP Archived 2019-12-15 at the Wayback MachineEnvironmental Health e-Maps from the United States National Library of MedicineFactors that influence chemical toxicity include the dosage, duration of exposure (whether it is acute or chronic), route of exposure, species, age, sex, and environment. Toxicologists are experts on poisons and poisoning. There is a movement for evidence-based toxicology as part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices.
Aug 6, 2018 · Acute toxicity (LD 50) test. Acute systemic toxicity evaluates the adverse effects that occur following exposure of organisms to a single or multiple doses of a test substance within 24 hours by a known route (oral, dermal or inhalation) (Saganuwa, 2016 ).
- Earnest Oghenesuvwe Erhirhie, Chibueze Peter Ihekwereme, Emmanuel Emeka Ilodigwe
- 2018
Nov 1, 2022 · Acute toxicity encompasses any one or more of that set of adverse events occurring after a single or several closely-spaced exposure(s) to an agent (e.g., chemical), and which usually occurs within 24 h, but that can take up to several weeks to manifest [1]. Toxicity can be localized whereby the adverse effect is limited to the area immediately ...
Acute Toxicity. Acute toxicity refers to those adverse effects occurring following oral or dermal (topical) administration of a single dose of a substance or medicinal plant extract, or multiple doses given within 24h, or a single uninterrupted exposure by inhalation over a short period of time [1,2].
