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Why is it called Aelia Capitolina?
What does Aelia Capitolina do?
Did you know Aelia Capitolina was built on the ruins of Jerusalem?
When was Aelia Capitolina built?
Aelia Capitolina, city founded in 135 ce by the Romans on the ruins of Jerusalem, which their forces, under Titus, had destroyed in 70 ce. The name was given, after the Second Jewish Revolt (132–135), in honour of the emperor Hadrian (whose nomen, or clan name, was Aelius) as well as the deities of
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- The Cardos
- The Northern Gate, Porta neapolitana
- The Triumphal Arch
- The Forum
- The Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on Temple Mount
- The Temple of Asclepius & Serapis
- The Temple of Aphrodite
- Coins Minted in Aelia Capitolina
- Epigraphic Evidence
On the basis of Jerusalem’s depiction on the 6th century AD Madaba map (mosaic depicting the layout of Jerusalem, discovered ina Byzantine church in Madaba, Jordan), it is usually assumed that from the Damascus Gate in the north of the city (Porta Neapolitana) ran two wide colonnaded streets, the Western and Eastern cardos (Cardo Maximus & Lower Ca...
Underneath the Damascus Gate (built in the 16th century AD under the rule of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent), remains of a gate dating to the time of Hadrian have been discovered and excavated. This gate features on the Madaba Map, which shows an open square with a column inside the gate. This impressive Hadrianic gateway, built with H...
Built in the style of a triumphal arch, the so-called Ecce Homo Arch, located near to the eastern end of the Via Dolorosa, is the central span of what was originally a triple-arched gateway. It was similar in purpose to the Arch of Titus in Rome commemorating the AD 70 victory over the Jews. The central arch was flanked by two smaller arches, one o...
Hadrian established two forums in Aelia Capitolina, one north of the Temple Mount and the other on the western side of the city. Both were large, open, paved spaces surrounded by temples and public buildings. Only the northern forum has been located with certainty. At the start of the 20th century, the French religious-archaeologist Father Louis-Hu...
At the excavation site in the Western Wall plaza, archeologists also uncovered two small streets that ran perpendicularly and led east from the cardo toward the Western Wall of the Temple Mount. This discovery may indicate that, during the early 2nd century AD, the Temple Mount area had something important standing in the place where the destroyed ...
In digs conducted in 1964 near the Church of Saint Anne, archaeologists discovered the remains of Hadrian’s Temple of Asclepius – the god of healing – and Serapis. Between 150 BC and 70 AD, a popular healing center developed on the site of the Pool of Bethesda, the water reservoirs that supplied water to the temple mount in the 3rd century AD. A wa...
At the junction of the Cardo Maximus with the Decumanus of Aelia, Hadrian’s architects laid out a vast forum (which is now the location of the Muristan). A sacred precinct was built adjacent to this forum in the area now occupied by the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the purported tomb of Jesus and Calvary itself. According to Eusebius, Hadrian buil...
City coins were issued from the time of Hadrian to that of Valerianus (260) but are especially plentiful from the times of Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Eleagabalus, and Trajan Decius. The 206 coin types depict the many gods worshiped in Aelia Capitolina: Serapis, Tyche, Dionysus, the Dioscuri, Roma, Ares, Nemesis are all to be found in addition...
As recently as two weeks ago, on Wednesday 22nd October (the day I arrived in Jerusalem), a rare find of historical significance was unveiled and displayed to the public by the Israel Antiquities Authority: large slab of limestone engraved with an official Latin inscription dedicated to Hadrian. The fragmented stone, roughly a meter wide, with Lati...
Sep 4, 2023 · Looking back, Aelia Capitolina represents an underappreciated aspect of Jerusalem’s history. It was a city born out of war and spite as the Romans attempted to create a military site on a city that was held in such high esteem by a rival religion.
Sep 22, 2020 · Aelia Capitolina was a Roman colony, constructed after the siege of 70 AD during the First Jewish-Roman War, when the city of Jerusalem and the Second Temple on Temple Mount was destroyed. - HeritageDaily - Archaeology News
Capitolina refers to Capitoline Jupiter, who replaced the God of Israel as the city's patron deity. The name Aelia stuck for centuries; even under Muslim rule (after 640 C.E.), the city sometimes was referred to as “Ilya.” Aelia Capitolina was a pagan city in more than name alone.
- Jodi Magness
- 2012
Feb 21, 2012 · In the history of Jewish Jerusalem, Aelia Capitolina is the very embodiment of defeat and destruction - a reminder of the humiliation of the Second Temple's destruction, which erected a pagan temple in its place.
Feb 21, 2012 · Recent excavations conducted in and around Jerusalem’s Old City are beginning to reveal the vestiges of Aelia Capitolina, the important but still relatively unknown Roman city built atop Jerusalem in the wake of the Second Jewish Revolt.
