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Sep 16, 2023 · Aleksandras Ivanovičius Tveriškis. Also Known As: "Aleksander II of Tver". Birthdate: circa 1379. Death: October 26, 1425 (41-50) (Plague infection) Immediate Family: Son of Ivan Mikhailovich, prince of Tver and Maria Martha Miklause, Queen consort of Tver.
- "Aleksander II of Tver"
- October 26, 1425 (41-50) (Plague infection)
- circa 1379
- Henn Sarv
- 12th Century
- 13th Century
- 14th Century
- 15th Century
- 16th Century
- 17th Century
- 18th Century
- 19th Century
- 20th Century
Foundation
Officially Tver is considered to have been founded in 1135 when guests from the city are mentioned in a document. However this date is not universally accepted by historians. It is theorised that Tver arose as a fortification on the headland where the River Tmaka flows into the Volga during the struggles between the Rostov-Suzdal Principality and the Novgorod Principality.
Tver Principality
In 1238 Tver was sacked by Batu Khan during the Mongol-Tatar Invasion of Rus, but the city was able to recover from the devastation relatively quickly. In 1247 Tver became the capital of the Tver Principality which was granted to Yaroslavl Yaroslavich - the brother of Aleksandr Nevsky and the founder of the Tver dynasty of Ryurikid princes. Tver benefited from its location on the trade route with Novgorod and due to the fact that it was further away from the Golden Horde than other Russian ci...
Struggle with Moscow
Prince Yaroslav Yaroslavich died in 1271 and was succeeded by his sons, firstly Svyatoslav and then Mikhail in sometime around 1282. It was under Mikhail that open conflict erupted between Tver and Moscow over who should rule as grand prince of Vladimir as the superior Rus prince. Grand Prince Andrey Aleksandrovich of Vladimir died in 1304 and left the throne to Mikhail although Yuri Danilovich of Moscow also claimed the throne. Both princes went to the Golden Horde to plead their cases to th...
Decline of Tver
After Dmitri the Terrible Eyes' execution in 1326 Khan Uzbek appointed Dmitri's brother Aleksandr Mikhailovich as grand prince of Vladimir and Tver. In the summer of 1327 Schelkan (sometimes spelled Cholkhan) a cousin of Khan Uzbek, arrived in Tver as the khan’s representative. Schelkan began tormenting the local population who eventually rose up against him. Schelkan and his men sought shelter in his residence, but instead were burnt alive there when the Tver citizens set it alight. It is no...
Incorporation into Moscow
Mikhail Aleksandrovich was succeeded by his son Ivan Mikhailovich. Under Ivan, relations with Moscow greatly improved; in 1408 Ivan ignored the order of Edigu, a military commander of the Golden Horde, to send artillery to assist him in his siege of Moscow. In 1425 Mikhail died of the plague which was ravaging Tver lands at the time: his two successors, firstly his son Ivan Mikhailovich and then his grandson Aleksandr Ivanovich, also died of the plague in the same year. This left the Tver thr...
Exile at the Otroch Monastery
The 16th century saw two famous religious figures being exiled to Tver's Otroch Monastery. The first was Maximus (Maksim) the Greek who was exiled here in 1531 and remained at the Otroch Monastery for twenty years. However the monastery's more famous exile is Metropolitan Philip II who was metropolitan during the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible and was one of the few people to publically rebuke the tsar for his cruelty. Eventually Ivan removed Philip from office and imprisoned him. In 1568 Ph...
Times of Troubles
Engraving of Tver in the 1630s by Adam Olearius The Times of Troubles were especially hard on Tver and in 1612 the city was practically destroyed by Polish-Lithuanian interventionists. In the beginning of the century there were approximately 10,000 inhabitants in Tver, but the population was so devastated that even by 1685 it had only grown back to 4,500. In 1696 the Transfiguration of the Saviour Cathedral was reconstructed, the original having been destroyed during the Times of Troubles.
Administrative Reforms
As part of the administrative reforms of Peter the Great of 1708 Tver became part of the Ingermanlandia Governorate which was renamed the St Petersburg Governorate in 1710. The foundation of St Petersburg proved to be beneficial to Tver as the city found itself on the route from the old capital to the new and the city became one of the principal stations on the route, welcoming many travellers including imperial ones. In 1719 Tver became the centre of the Tver Province within the governorate....
In 1809 Grand Duchess Yekaterina Pavlovna, the daughter of Emperor Paul I and sister of Emperor Alexander I, married Prince George of Oldenburg who had settled in Russia and been made governor of Tver. Up until the death of Prince George in 1812, the couple lived in Tver with the Imperial Travellers Palace serving as their residence. In 1851 the Ni...
Soviet Power
Soviet power was established in Tver in 1917 and shortly afterwards many streets were renamed and the majority of churches and monasteries were closed down. In 1929 the city became the centre of the newly-formed Tver Region. In 1931 the city was renamed Kalinin in honour of the Soviet statesman Mikhail Kalinin, who was born in the Tver Governorate. In 1935 the city's main cathedral - the Transfiguration of the Saviour Cathedral - was blown up and in the same decade most of the buildings of th...
Second World War
On 14 October 1941 Kalinin fell to the Nazis and was occupied up until 16 December 1941 when the city was liberated by the Red Army, albeit at great bloodshed. The occupation brought great destruction to the city and suffering to its citizens. Over half of residential houses were destroyed as well as many building. Bridges across the Volga were also blown up; the Old Bridge being no exception, although it was reconstructed shortly after the war between 1946 and 1947.
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Oct 18, 1996 · Following is a transcript, as translated by Reuters, of a speech today by President Boris N. Yeltsin announcing the dismissal of Aleksandr I. Lebed, his national security chief: Respected citizens ...
Aleksandr Ivanovich (ca. 1379 - October 26 1425 ) was Grand Prince of Tver, from May 22 to October 26, 1425. Biography. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He is first mentioned in accounts for 1390, when Aleksandr was among the notables welcoming Metropolitan Kiprian of Kiev as guest in Tver.
Media in category "Alexander Ivanovich, Grand Prince of Tver" This category contains only the following file. Facial Chronicle - b.13, p. 023.gif 842 × 1,529; 678 KB
Nov 3, 1996 · In Michael Specter's article ''The Wars of Aleksandr Ivanovich Lebed'' (Oct. 13), Lebed was compared to Lenin by a rival, as having ''been on every side of every issue.'' A more accurate...
Lieutenant General Alexander Ivanovich Lebed ( Russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ле́бедь; 20 April 1950 – 28 April 2002) was a Soviet and Russian military officer and politician who held senior positions in the Airborne Troops before running for president in the 1996 Russian presidential election. He did not win, but ...
