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Ancient Rome is often grouped into classical antiquity together with ancient Greece, and their similar cultures and societies are known as the Greco-Roman world. Ancient Roman civilisation has contributed to modern language, religion, society, technology, law, politics, government, warfare, art, literature, architecture, and engineering.
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- Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican state of ancient...
- History of Rome
Rome: Ruins of the Forum, Looking towards the Capitol (1742)...
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In modern historiography, ancient Rome encompasses the...
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and...
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- Social Structure
- The Arts
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- Religion
- Philosophy
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The center of the early social structure, dating from the time of the agricultural tribal city state, was the family, which was not only marked by biological relations but also by the legally constructed relation of patria potestas ("power of a father"). The pater familias was the absolute head of the family; he was the master over his wife (if she...
Literature
Roman literature was from its very inception influenced heavily by Greek authors. Some of the earliest works currently discovered are of historical epics telling the early military history of Rome. As the Roman Republicexpanded, authors began to produce poetry, comedy, history, and tragedy. The Greeks and Romans had a tradition of historical scholarship that continues to influence writers to this day. Cato the Elder was a Roman senator, as well as the first man to write history in Latin. Alth...
Visual art
Most early Roman painting styles show Etruscan influences, particularly in the practice of political painting. In the 3rd century BC, Greek art taken as booty from wars became popular, and many Roman homes were decorated with landscapes by Greek artists. Evidence from the remains at Pompeiishows diverse influence from cultures spanning the Roman world. An early Roman style of note was "Incrustation", in which the interior walls of houses were painted to resemble colored marble. Another style...
Music
Music was a major part of everyday life in ancient Rome. Many private and public events were accompanied by music, ranging from nightly dining to military parades and manoeuvres. Some of the instruments used in Roman music are the tuba, cornu, aulos, askaules, flute, panpipes, lyre, lute, cithara, tympanum, drums, hydraulisand the sistrum.
The ancient city of Rome had a place called the Campus, a sort of drill ground for Roman soldiers, which was located near the Tiber. Later, the Campus became Rome's track and field playground, which even Julius Caesar and Augustuswere said to have frequented. Imitating the Campus in Rome, similar grounds were developed in several other urban center...
The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious, and attributed their success as a world power to their collective piety (pietas) in maintaining good relations with the Gods. According to legendary history, most of Rome's religious institutions could be traced to its founders, particularly Numa Pompilius, the Sabine second King of Rome, who ne...
Ancient Roman philosophy was heavily influenced by the ancient Greeks and the schools of Hellenistic philosophy; however, unique developments in philosophical schools of thought occurred during the Roman period as well. Interest in philosophy was first excited at Rome in 155 BC. by an Athenian embassy consisting of the Academic Skeptic Carneades, t...
Elizabeth S. Cohen, Honor and Gender in the Streets of Early Modern Rome, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Spring, 1992), pp. 597-625Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireTom Holland, The Last Years of the Roman Republic ISBN 0-385-50313-XRome Reborn − A Video Tour through Ancient Rome based on a digital model Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback MachineAncient Rome was a civilization that started in the city of Rome on the Italian Peninsula. Roman civilization was the most important civilization in the Mediterranean region, Europe and the Near East from the late 3rd century BC. Roman civilization existed throughout Classical Antiquity, Late Antiquity, and the Middle Ages.
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