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5 days ago · This leads to the activation of ascending pain pathways and consequently of brain circuits that process this information into a painful sensation. During chronic pain states, there is extensive remodeling of the pain neuromatrix in the brain that can give rise to heightened pain sensation to normally innocuous stimuli, and even to spontaneous ...
1 day ago · An example of this is phantom limb pain. In this condition, a person can feel intense pain in the location of a missing body part – for instance, pain in an arm or a leg that’s been amputated. Phantom limb pain, which is difficult to treat, is explained by persistent activation (sensitization) of the pain transmission pathways.
1 day ago · Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is a major concern in both dentistry and medicine. The progression from normal to chronic TNP through activation of the insular cortex (IC) is thought to involve several neuroplastic changes in multiple brain regions, resulting in distorted pain perception and associated comorbidities. While the functional changes in the insula are recognized contributors to ...
4 days ago · Explain the four attributes of a stimulus to sensory receptors. Explain acute and chronic pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. Describe referred pain. Compare the pathway that mediates sensory input from touch, proprioceptive, and vibratory senses to that mediating information from nociceptors and thermoreceptors.
5 days ago · Understanding the origins of pain and the conditions that exacerbate it is essential for effective management. With the recognition of microvascular dysfunction's role in chronic pain, new avenues for treatment that address the root causes of pain rather than just the symptoms are becoming possible.
2 days ago · The insula, especially the pIC, receives interoceptive and exteroceptive information through the ascending sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, generating a sense of bodily states. Early ‘peripheral’ theories of emotion suggest that bodily visceral and somatic alterations form the basis for emotional feelings, imparting emotional hues ...
2 days ago · In addition to sending ascending projections to the cortex, the reticular formation gives rise to descending axons, which pass to the spinal cord in the reticulospinal tract. Activity in reticulospinal axons modulates spinal reflex activity and may also modulate sensory input by regulating the gain at synapses within the spinal cord.
