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An attenuated vaccine (or a live attenuated vaccine, LAV) is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. [2]
Vaccines typically contain attenuated, inactivated or dead organisms or purified products derived from them. There are several types of vaccines in use. These represent different strategies used to try to reduce the risk of illness while retaining the ability to induce a beneficial immune response. Attenuated
Feb 1, 2021 · Abstract. Many viral infections can be prevented by immunizing with live, attenuated vaccines. Early methods of attenuation were hit-and-miss, now much improved by genetic engineering. However, even current methods operate on the principle of genetic harm, reducing the virus’s ability to grow.
- Rustom Antia, Hasan Ahmed, James J. Bull
- 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008602
- 2021
- PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Feb; 17(2): e1008602.
Classically attenuated viruses, those created by passaging a virus in cultured cells, have proven to be an effective means for preventing many viral diseases, including smallpox, polio, measles, mumps, and yellow fever.
- Adam S Lauring, Jeremy O Jones, Raul Andino
- 10.1038/nbt.1635
- 2010
- 2010/06
Because attenuated viruses contained in OPV are live viruses that induce the same types of antibody as wild poliovirus does and because wild virus infection is believed to induce lifelong immunity, it has been reasoned by analogy that immunity induced by OPV is also lifelong.
Jan 12, 2021 · A live-attenuated vaccine uses a living but weakened version of the virus or one that’s very similar. The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and the chickenpox and shingles vaccine are examples of this type of vaccine. This approach uses similar technology to the inactivated vaccine and can be manufactured at scale.
Attachment is the binding of the virus to specific molecules on the surface of the cell. This specificity restricts the virus to a very limited type of cell. For example, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects only human T cells, because its surface protein, gp120, can only react with CD4 and other molecules on the T cell's surface ...
