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Pertempuran Atlantik adalah kampanye militer berkesinambungan yang paling lama dalam sejarah Perang Dunia II, dimulai pada tahun 1939 sampai kekalahan Jerman pada tahun 1945. Pada intinya adalah pihak Sekutu melakukan blokade laut terhadap Jerman, diumumkan sehari setelah pernyataan perang, dan pihak Jerman kemudian melakukan blokade balasan.
- Kemenangan Sekutu
- 3 September 3 1939 – 8 Mei 1945, (5 tahun, 8 bulan dan 5 hari)
The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany , announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade.
- September 3, 1939 – May 8, 1945, (5 years, 8 months and 5 days)
- Allied victory
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- 1939
- 1940
- 1941
- 1942
- 1943
- 1944
August
August 19, 1939 1. Five U-boats sail from Kiel and nine from Wilhelmshavento take waiting positions in the North Atlantic. August 21, 1939 1. German "pocket battleship" Admiral Graf Speesails from Wilhelmshaven for a South Atlantic cruise. August 24, 1939 1. German "pocket battleship" Deutschlandsails from Wilhelmshaven for a North Atlantic cruise.
September
September 3, 1939 1. German submarine U-30 sinks the SS Athenia. This attack is interpreted by the United Kingdom as the start of unrestricted submarine warfare. However, in Germany it leads to stricter controls being issued by the Kriegsmarine. Germany at this point had 39 of its 58 U-boats at sea, but this was far less than the 300 which Admiral Karl Dönitz, chief of German submarine forces, considered to be necessary before the opening of war. September 5, 1939 1. HMS Neptune stops, evacua...
October
October 5, 1939 1. German "pocket battleship" Deutschlandsinks the first merchant ship of its cruise. October 14, 1939 1. U-47, under Kapitänleutnant Günther Prien, penetrates the British naval base at Scapa Flow, sinking HMS Royal Oakat anchor. October 16, 1939 1. Germany begins employing magnetic mines. These cause significant losses to Allied shipping. October 27, 1939 1. U-34 sinks Malabarfrom convoy HX 5. October 30, 1939 1. U-34 sinks Brontefrom convoy OB 25.
January
January 30, 1940 1. U-55 sinks Vaclite and Keramiaifrom convoy OA 80G.
February
February 5, 1940 1. U-41 sinks Beaverburnfrom convoy OA 84. February 14, 1940 1. The United Kingdom announces armaments will be carried by all passenger ships. Germany responds by announcing that all vessels will be considered warships.
March
March 16, 1940 1. A German air raid at Scapa Flowdamages a cruiser and causes the first civilian casualties in Britain of the war.
January
January 16, 1941 1. Aircraft sink two ships from convoy OB 274. January 29, 1941 1. U-93sinks three ships from convoy SC 19.
February
February 12, 1941 1. German cruiser Admiral Hippersinks seven ships from convoy SL 64S. February 19, 1941 1. Aircraft sink three ships from convoy OB 287. February 24, 1941 1. U-97sinks three ships from convoy OB 289. February 26, 1941 1. Aircraft sink eight ships from convoy OB 290. February 27, 1941 1. U-47 sinks Kasongo and Borglandfrom convoy OB 290.
March
March 1, 1941 1. U-552 sinks Cadillacfrom convoy HX 109. 2. Aircraft sink Rotulafrom convoy SC 22. March 7, 1941 1. U-boats sink three ships from convoy OB 293. March 8, 1941 1. U-boats sink five ships from convoy SL 67. March 13, 1941 1. Aircraft sink Empire Frostfrom convoy SC 23. March 16, 1941 1. U-99sinks five ships from convoy HX 112. March 17, 1941 1. U-boats sink six ships from convoy SL 68. March 19, 1941 1. Aircraft sink Benvorlichfrom convoy OB 298. March 29, 1941 1. U-48sinks thre...
January
January 12, 1942 1. MV Cyclopsis sunk 160 miles south of Halifax, heralding the start of a U-boat campaign that saw approximately 200 merchant vessels sunk within 10 miles of the east coast of the US. January 30, 1942 1. Convoy SC 67departs from Halifax and picks up a transatlantic escort in Newfoundland, which accompanies the convoy as far as Northern Ireland. This marks the start of the allied end-to-end convoy escort system, which remained in effect until the end of the war.
February
February 10, 1942 1. U-136 sinks Heina from convoy SC 67. February 15, 1942 1. 30 miles southwest of Cape Henry German submarine U-432sinks Brazilian steamer Buarque (which became the 1st of 36 Brazilian merchant ships that would be sunk in WWII). February 16, 1942 1. Operation Neuland opens with attacks on Aruba, Curaçao and Lake Maracaibopetroleum facilities.
March
March 20, 1942 1. A new system of BX and XB convoysis initiated between Halifax and Boston, to counter the U-boat campaign along the east coast of the US.
January
January 3, 1943 1. U-507sinks the British ship Baron Dachmont. January 8, 1943 1. U-507sinks the British ship Yorkwood. January 13, 1943 1. U-507 was sunk by the US PBY CatalinaVP-83. January 17, 1943 1. U-268 sinks Vestfoldfrom convoy HX 222. January 26, 1943 1. U-358 sinks Nortindfrom convoy HX 223.
February
February 2, 1943 1. U-223 sinks SS Dorchesterfrom convoy SG 19 killing 675 men. 2. U-456 sinks Inverilen and Jeremiah Van Rensselaerfrom convoy HX 224. February 7, 1943 1. U-boats sink nine ships from convoy SC 118. February 15, 1943 1. A new system of fast CU convoys is initiated to speed the flow of petroleum products from Caribbean Sea refineries to Liverpool.
March
March 7, 1943 1. U-boats sink seven ships for convoy SC 121. March 10, 1943 1. U-boats sink four ships from convoy HX 228. March 16, 1943 1. The largest convoy battle of World War II begins around convoys HX 229 and SC 122. March 28, 1943 1. U-boats sink four ships from convoy SL 126.
April
April 6, 1944 1. U-302 sinks Ruth I and South Americafrom convoy SC 156.
July
July 20, 1944 1. U-861 sinks the freighter-troopship Vital de Oliveira, the only Brazilian military ship sunk due to submarine action at WWII, and the last Brazilian vessel to be torpedoed in that war.
Feb 17, 2011 · By Helen Cleary. Last updated 2011-02-17. Dates: 1939 to 1943. Location: Atlantic Ocean. Outcome: The Germans put a halt to U-boat operations in the Atlantic on 23 May 1943. Key Players: The...
By the spring of 1943, the Battle of the Atlantic had reached its dramatic climax: The greatest convoy-versus-U-boat battles occurred in March through May. March is historically viewed as the high point of German submarines’ execution of a guerre de course; U-boats sank 120 merchant ships (nearly 700,000 tons) with only 15 submarine losses.
Part of the Second World War. Officers on the bridge of an escorting British destroyer stand watch for enemy submarines, October 1941. Date. September 3, 1939 – May 8, 1945. (5 years, 8 months and 5 days) Location. Atlantic Ocean, Río de la Plata, North Sea, Irish Sea, Labrador Sea, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Outer ...
- Allied victory
Feb 6, 2021 · The Battle of the North Atlantic is a grim business and it isn’t going to be won by charm and personality.” Within this passage, Pound conveys the essence of the Atlantic campaign: A complex, grinding, managerial effort that was only interrupted by episodes of brutal violence.
