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Environmental, genetic, and biological causes of autism
- There are many known environmental, genetic, and biological causes of autism. Research indicates that genetic factors are predominate in the appearance of autism; however, the heritability of autism is complex, and many of the genetic interactions involved are unknown.
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Where does the word 'autism' come from?
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What is autism spectrum disorder?
Prenatal viral infection has been called the principal non-genetic cause of autism. Prenatal exposure to rubella or cytomegalovirus activates the mother's immune response and may greatly increase the risk for autism in mice. [68] Congenital rubella syndrome is the most convincing environmental cause of autism. [69]
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Early history
The word “autism” comes from the Greek word “autos”, meaning “self.” The term describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction: an “isolated self”. The term "autism" was first used by a psychiatrist named Eugen Bleuler in 1911 to describe one group of symptoms of schizophrenia. Sigmund Freud considered this idea and thought it was related to narcissism.
Discovery
In the 1940s, two researchers were studying autism in different countries; Hans Asperger in Austria and Leo Kanner in the United States. In 1943 Kanner (a doctor from Johns Hopkins University) did a study of 11 children. He found out that they had difficulties such as changing environments, being sensitive to certain stimuli, having speech problems, and allergies to food. Later he named the children’s condition “early infantile autism”, now called autismspectrum disorder. Hans Asperger was do...
Later history
Schizophrenia and autism were linked in many researchers’ studies. It was in the 1960s when medical professionals started to see these two disorders as separate conditions. Since 1980, Kanner’s so-called "early infantile autism" is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It had a more accurate definition of autism in 1987. Since then, early infantile autism is called autism disorder. For the first time the DSM also introduced standardized criteria to diagnos...
Onset
These are the two areas where symptoms must be present to diagnose autism spectrum disorders. Both the ICD-11 and DSM-5 say that there have to be some symptoms in childhood, but that sometimes symptoms won't fully manifest until later.
Social Interaction and Communication
Difficulty in social interactions and communicating with each other. Some examples are: 1. may not understand body language or other forms of non-verbal communication 2. may not like to make eye contact 3. may have difficulty making friends 4. may prefer being alone, or not interested in making friends 5. may not speak or speak less than others 6. may have difficulty in knowing how other people feel
Restricted, repetitive and inflexible behavior
This means behavior that happens over and over again and it is difficult to change. This can happen in many different situations: talking, routine, body movements, and others. Some examples include: 1. trouble dealing with changes in routineor unexpected events. 1. may do the same things at the same time or the same places 2. too concerned with ruleswhile playing 3. enjoy lining up or sorting objects 4. the same body movements repeatedly (stimming) 4.1. rocking, walking on tiptoes,flapping ha...
There are many studies on how many autistic people there are. In the United States, the CDC does studies. In 2018, they found that 1 in 44 children are autistic. That is about 2%. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1 in 100 children worldwide are diagnosed with autism. This number keeps going up.Many people wonder why there are more ...
Scientistsdo not know exactly what causes autism. There may be many different causes for autism. Scientists do know about some things that make a person more likely to have an Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Diagnosing autism can be hard because there is no medical test like a blood test. Instead, an evaluation is made by a team of doctors and other health professionals who are experienced in autism and know the person trying to get diagnosed.
Since autism is a spectrum, every person with autism is different. Different treatments help different people. There are a few different categories of treatment. The main ones are medication, different therapies and diets. The treatment is fitted depending on what a person with autism needs.
Media related to Autism spectrumat Wikimedia CommonsAutism spectrum at the Open Directory ProjectNational Autistic Society http://www.autism.org.ukOutline of autism. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to autism: Autism – neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction and communication, and involves restricted and repetitive behavior. What type of thing is autism? An autistic toddler plays by stacking cans.
Jan 6, 2018 · Autism spectrum disorder has no single known cause. Given the complexity of the disorder, and the fact that symptoms and severity vary, there are probably many causes. Both genetics and environment may play a role.
Nov 15, 2023 · Autism – also referred to as autism spectrum disorder ̶ constitutes a diverse group of conditions related to development of the brain. About 1 in 100 children has autism. Characteristics may be detected in early childhood, but autism is often not diagnosed until much later. The abilities and needs of autistic people vary and can evolve over ...
Apr 23, 2024 · The term autism (from the Greek autos, meaning “self”) was coined in 1911 by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who used it to describe withdrawal into one’s inner world, a phenomenon he observed in individuals with schizophrenia.
