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A confederation has a weak central authority that derives all its powers from the state or provincial governments. The states of a confederation retain all the powers of an independent nation, such as the right to maintain a military force, print money, and make treaties with other national powers.
Figure 3.2 There are three general systems of government—unitary systems, federations, and confederations—each of which allocates power differently. In a confederation, authority is decentralized, and the central government’s ability to act depends on the consent of the subnational governments.
Two concurrent powers shared by both state and federal governments are eminent domain and taxation. 2. The American system of government is divided into three levels (federal, state, and local) in order to balance power and accommodate the preferences of different areas/regions.
When crafting the new constitution that would replace the Articles of Confederation, the Framers had to answer an important question: What type of government would be strong enough to enforce order, but not so strong that it would violate the personal liberties of American citizens?
In the U.S. federal system, all national matters are handled by the federal government, which is led by the president and members of Congress, all of whom are elected by voters across the country. All matters at the subnational level are the responsibility of the fifty states, each headed by an elected governor and legislature.
The national government consists of the executive branch, led by the nationally elected president; the parliament; and a judicial branch that resolves constitutional matters. In other systems, federal arrangements are found in conjunction with a large measure of cultural homogeneity.
May 14, 2022 · Federalism is a hierarchical system of government under which two levels of government exercise a range of control over the same geographic area.
