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Apr 15, 2024 · 395 AD: The Roman Empire is divided; Constantinople becomes the capital of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. 532 AD: Nika riots devastate the city; Emperor Justinian I rebuilds Constantinople, including the Hagia Sophia.
Feb 16, 2024 · The Nika Riots (Greek: Στάσις τοῦ Νίκα), erupting in January 532 AD, stand as a pivotal event in Byzantine history. Spanning a tumultuous week, they threatened the reign of Emperor Justinian I and exposed deep societal fissures within the empire’s capital, Constantinople.
- Origins
- Justinian I
- The Byzantine Dark Age
- Byzantine Comeback?
- The Great Schism of 1054
- The Fourth Crusade
- The End of The Byzantine Empire
- Additional Resources
- Bibliography
- Timeline
By the early fourth century A.D., the Roman Empirecovered a huge territory, from northern England to Syria. However, it had become difficult to govern and rife with problems, so in A.D. 293, the emperor Diocletian introduced a system known as the tetrarchy. This effectively split the empire into four regions — two of which were ruled by emperors (a...
Justinian I became emperor in 527. He was the nephew and adopted son of Justin I, who had been a palace guard before usurping the throne in 518. While many historians say that Byzantium's golden age occurred during his reign, Justinian's rule didn't start off very promisingly. Early in his reign, Justinian moved to further cement Christianity as th...
Justinian I died in 565. The centuries after Justinian's death are sometimes referred to as the Byzantine "Dark Age," as a series of misfortunes befell the empire. In the west, much of the territory that Justinian had captured was lost. By the beginning of the seventh century, "much of Italy was under Lombard rule, Gaul was in Frankish hands and th...
Byzantium never returned to the "golden age" it had experienced during Justinian's rule. Nevertheless, the military situation stabilized in the ninth century, and by the 11th century, Byzantium had regained a considerable amount of territory that it had lost. By the time of Emperor Basil II's death in December 1025, after a reign of almost 50 years...
On July 16, 1054, a papal legate (representative) named Humbert of Silva Candida excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius. At the time Pope Leo IX had recently died and a new pope had not been selected. The patriarch refused to relinquish power and excommunicated Humbert in return. This resulted in a schism breaking out b...
In 1204, an army of crusaders from the west sacked Constantinople and installed a short-lived line of rulers. The idea of Christians crusading against other Christians was strange even by the standards of the Middle Ages. There are a number of reasons why it came to this. The Great Schism of 1054 and the subsequent decades of separation between the...
While Constantinople was once again under control of a Greek ruler, its end was drawing near. The empire struggled on into the 15th century, but the emperors gradually lost their importance in favor of religious officials. In 1395, Patriarch Anthony, the Patriarch of Constantinople, felt the need to give a speech explaining why the Byzantine empero...
The Byzantine Empire's warriors fought many battles. Read about the discovery of a 14th-century soldier whose fractured jaw had been healed with gold thread. You can also learn about some rare 1,000-year-old Byzantine swords in this article. Some examples of Byzantine era shipwreckscan be seen in this photo gallery.
Geanakoplos, D. (1984) "Byzantium: Church Society, and Civilization Seen through Contemporary Eyes" University of Chicago Press Theotokis, G, and Meško, M. (eds) (2021) "War in Eleventh-Century Byzantium" Routledge, 2021 Gregory, T. (2010) "A History of Byzantium" Wiley-Blackwell John Giebfried and Kyle Lincoln "The Remaking of the Medieval World, ...
October 312Constantine I is victorious at the Battle of Milvian Bridge and becomes emperor of the western half of the Roman Empire. 324Constantine wins the Battle of Chrysopolis and becomes the sole ruler of the Roman Empire. After this Byzantium (later renamed Constantinople) is built up as a second capital of the Roman Empire. 337Constantine dies...
Jan 21, 2024 · The Nika riots are often regarded as the most violent riots in the city's history, with nearly half of Constantinople being burned or destroyed and tens of thousands of people killed. . . Last Updated: Sun Jan 21 2024.
Mar 25, 2024 · The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire, and it survived over a thousand years after the western half dissolved. A series of regional traumas—including pestilence, warfare, social upheaval, and the Arab Muslim assault of the 630s—marked its cultural and institutional transformation from the Eastern Roman Empire to the ...
Jun 5, 2020 · Constantinople was the base of the Eastern Roman Empire and acted as the imperial capital from the time of Emperor Constantine I. It was, effectively (and literally), “New Rome” during the over a thousand years of the Byzantine Empire (330 CE – 1453 CE).
Sep 4, 2022 · 717 Jul 15 - 718 Aug 15. Siege of Constantinople. İstanbul, Turkey. The second Arab siege of Constantinople in 717–718 was a combined land and sea offensive by the Muslim Arabs of the Umayyad Caliphate against the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople.
