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Darius II. Darius II ( Old Persian: 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavaʰuš; Greek: Δαρεῖος Dareios ), also known by his given name Ochus ( Greek: Ὦχος Ochos ), was King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 423 BC to 405 [1] or 404 BC. [2] Artaxerxes I, who died in 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and ...
- Cosmartidene of Babylon
- Artaxerxes I
- 423–404 BC
- Artaxerxes II
Feb 26, 2024 · Darius II Ochus (died 404 bce, Babylon [now in Iraq]) was an Achaemenid king who reigned from 423–404 bce in Persia. The son of Artaxerxes I by a Babylonian concubine, he seized the throne from his half brother Secydianus (or Sogdianus), whom he then executed. Ochus, who had previously been satrap of Hyrcania, adopted the name of Darius on ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Who Was Darius II?
- Darius II and His Early Leadership
- Darius II and His Military Strategies
- Personal Issues
- His Legacy
- Darius II and The Achaemenid Empire
- Achaemenid Culture
- Darius as The King of Kings
- Darius II and His Religion
- Conclusion
King Darius II was the son of Artaxerxes I, the Greek Macrocheir or “Longhand” in Latin, and his concubine named Cosmatidene, a lady from Babylon. It was probably the reason why Darius was called Darius the Nothus, or the bastard. He married his half-sister, Parysatis, and their union was blessed with four sons and a daughter. His sons were Arsaces...
Darius II or Ochus started his leadership when his father, Artaxerxes I, died. Artaxerxes I’s successor was supposed to be Xerxes II, Darius II’s brother, but he was killed by his other brother, Sogdianus. Meanwhile, another murder occurred when Darius II rebelled against his half-brother Secydianus (or Sogdianus) and seized the throne from him, ca...
Darius the Second also made history when helaunched a military campaign against Greece. The Athenians were defeated at Syracuse in 413 BC, which led Darius to maneuver his command. Instead of pursuing more battles in Syracuse, he decided to reclaim the Greek coastal region of Asia Minor. Considering the tension behind the satraps of Asia Minor, the...
Darius II reigned with issues concerning his relationships. Historians have revealed his marriage to the daughter of Gobryas, with whom he had four sons. This happened before he ascended to power. One of his sons was the father of Artabazanes, who became the Median king in the second half of the third century BC. We have already discussed his marri...
Darius supported Sparta in its military campaigns, and their joint efforts broke the Athenian power in 405 BC. This major campaign earned a place in the history of Persia and Greece, but Darius died after their victory. His legacy as one of the three kings that succeeded Xerxeswas made stronger by the collaboration of his subordinates. Darius maint...
While the Achaemenid Empire was strengthened by different groups of people, you could tell it was like a new paradigm of various cultures set in ancient times. It is not easy to imagine the influence of this empire on the leadership of Darius II, but he was skillful enough to control the conquered. Eventually, this event produced a distinct Persian...
Darius II played a significant role in the making of this empire. Hence, he was called the king of kings, but the culture of the Achaemenids was a combination of mixed languages. For instance, the Persians spoke Old Persian, which was defined as the southwestern dialect of Iran. This language was developed when Darius II ordered a unique language t...
The early Persian culture was patterned after the feudal system at that time. The Persians were divided into warriors, priests and herdsmenor farmers. Darius was called the King of Kings to show his supreme authority over a group of individuals. According to their tradition, a selected group of families in the warrior class elected Darius II as Kin...
Historians have discovered that the Persians were believers of gods associated with natural phenomena. They offered animal sacrifices and revered fire, plants and stones. They worshipped their ancient gods, and the king was not excluded from this faith. He also honored Ahura Mazda, the god of the Achaemenid kings. He paid tribute to the godsaccordi...
Darius II had a short but meaningful reign that lasted about 19 years. Here are a few important pointsabout his rule we learned from the article above. 1. His birth gave rise to some questions because of his unpopular Babylonian mother named Cosmatidene. 2. He rose to power by seizing the throne from his half-brother, Sogdianus. 3. As a powerful ki...
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Darius II. Darius II, d. 404 BC, king of ancient Persia (423?–404 BC); son of Artaxerxes I and a concubine, hence sometimes called Darius Nothus [Darius the bastard]. His rule was not popular or successful, and he spent most of his reign in quelling revolts in Syria, Lydia (413), and Media (410). He lost Egypt (410), but through the diplomacy ...
In excerpts from Ctesias some harem intrigues are recorded, in which he played a disreputable part. The Elephantine papyri mention Darius II as a contemporary of the high priest Johanan of Ezra 10:6. Darius II, also known by his given name Ochus, was King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 423 BC to 405 or 404 BC.
Darius II was the 3rd king of the Achaemenid Empire, ruling from 423 BC to 404 BC. He was the son of Artaxerxes I and the father of Artaxerxes II, and is often referred to as Darius Nothus. His story is a fascinating one that illuminates the challenges and opportunities faced by Persian rulers during the time of the Achaemenid Empire.
Extract. Darius II (Ochus), who ruled *Persia from 424 to 404 bce, was one of *Artaxerxes (1) I's bastard sons; he acceded to the throne after a struggle with his brother, who was killed. Dissension between *Pharnabazus and *Tissaphernes in western Asia Minor meant that the Persians had not regained their former position in the region; this was ...
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