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Jul 10, 2023 · The classical civilizations of Ancient Greece and Rome were therefore the foundation for what became known as Western civilization. The Foundation and Function of the Roman Republic During the Archaic period, Greeks established colonies on Sicily and in southern Italy that went on to influence the culture of Italy.
Jun 5, 2023 · The Roman government of the old Republic had created a unique system of the division of power which was a safeguard against oppression by any single individual. Power, for the most part, lay with a voting public. While not perfect by any definition of the word, it allowed some of the people to have a say in how their government operated.
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- From Monarchy to Representation
- The Consuls
- The Senate
- The Assemblies
- The Tribunes & The Rule of Law
- The Magistrates - Praetors, Quaestors & Aediles
- The Censors & Magister Populi
- The Emperors
- Conclusion
The Roman Republic emerged out of what one historian called “the ashes of the monarchy.” Years underneath the unyielding yoke of a king taught the people of Rome that they had to safeguard against the rule, and possible oppression, of one individual. The real authority orimperium of the republic, and later empire, was to be divided among three basi...
Instead of a king, and to guard against despotism, the new government chose consuls, two in number. These individuals were not elected by the populace but appointed by the popular assembly, the Comitia Centuriata. Each consul served a one-year, non-consecutive, term, although he could serve a second or third term later. As both political and milita...
Unlike later parliamentary bodies, the Roman Senate had little if any legislative authority, for that power wrested in the hands of the popular assemblies. Originally open only to the patricians, the Senate had what one might call “indirect” executive power called auctoritas. And, while it had no legal power, it still held significant influence, se...
Instead of authority lying in the Senate, power to pass laws was given to a number of popular assemblies. First, there was the Comitia Curiata, a legislative body dating back to the days of the kings which evolved into the Comitia Centuriata. Next, representing the plebeians there was the Concilium Plebis, and, lastly, also dating back to the time ...
Initially, as one might have gathered, the real authority of the republic lay in the hands of the patricians; however, this power could not and would not remain. The plebians, who comprised the majority of the army and did most of the real work, rebelled, going on strike and demanding an equal voice in the government. Out of this struggle came the ...
In the early years of the Republic the consuls realized that they needed lesser magistrates to oversee various administrative functions - some of these offices had existed under the king. Many individuals would later use these lesser positions as a path to a consulship. This “path” was called the cursus honorum. First among these “lesser” magistrat...
Next, there was the censor - often these officials were former consuls. The position was viewed as the pinnacle of an individual's career. Under the king and later the Republic, this person not only oversaw public morality but took the census, registering both citizens and their property. He was elected every four to five years and held the positio...
As Rome expanded its borders northward into Gaul, further east into Asia, and southward into Africa, the government of the Republic was unable to cope and so entered the first emperor, Augustus, and the birth of an empire. Under the authority of the emperor, the popular assemblies all but disappeared and the Senate became more and more ceremonial. ...
The Roman government of the old Republic had created a unique system of the division of power which was a safeguard against oppression by any single individual. Power, for the most part, lay with a voting public. While not perfect by any definition of the word, it allowed some of the people to have a say in how their government operated. There were...
- Donald L. Wasson
Oct 13, 2022 · Roman society was extremely patriarchal and hierarchical. The adult male head of a household had special legal powers and privileges that gave him jurisdiction over all the members of his family. The status of freeborn Romans was established by their ancestry, census ranking, and citizenship. The most important division within Roman society was ...
The Roman Republic came into existence after overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy in 509 bc. It was termed a rēspūblica, a “thing” that belonged to the Roman people. In reality it was Senatus Populusque Romanus, SPQR, The Senate and the People of Rome. The Roman people were citizens by birth, naturalization, or manumission from slavery.
Roman society was extremely patriarchal and hierarchical. The adult male head of a household had special legal powers and privileges that gave him jurisdiction over all the members of his family. The status of freeborn Romans was established by their ancestry, census ranking, and citizenship. The most important division within Roman society was ...
Rome: An Italic civilization that began on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BCE. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, and centered on one city, it expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world.
